Lymph Nodes

Question 1

Location and drainage of submandibular lymph nodes.

Answer 1

Submandibular triangle

Upper lip and teeth
Lateral lower lip
Most of face
Ant. nasal cavity
Cheeks
Middle tongue
Submandibular/sublingual glands

Question 2

Submental lymph nodes.

Answer 2

submental triangle

Lower lip/teeth
Anterior chin
tip of tongue
Floor of mouth

Question 3

Preauricular

Answer 3

Infront of ear

Middle/posterior scalp
Skin of lateral ear
Parotid gland

Question 4

Post auricular

Answer 4

Behind ear

Posterior scalp
Auricle (cranial surface)
Back of external acoustic meatus

Question 5

Occipital

Answer 5

Back of head

Posterior scalp/neck

Question 6

Superficial cervical

Answer 6

Top of SCM

Skin of neck

Question 7

What separates the regional nodes from the terminal nodes

Answer 7

Investing layer of deep cervical fascia

Question 8

Give 4 deep terminal nodes.

Answer 8

Jugulo-digastric node
Jugulo-omohyoid node
Deep cervical nodes
Supraclavicular nodes

Question 9

Give the location and drainage of the jugulo-digastric node

Answer 9

Below/behind angle of mandible

Pharyngeal palatine tonsil
Posterior 1/3 tongue

Question 10

location and drainage of the jugulo-omohyoid node

Answer 10

Deep to SCm above inferior belly of omohyoid

Anterior 2/3 of tongue
Oral cavtiy
Trachea
Larynx
Oesophagus
Thyroid

Question 11

Where do the deep cervical nodes lie?

Answer 11

along CNXI

Question 12

Give location and drainage of supraclavicular nodes?

Answer 12

Root of neck
Lymph transport from thorax and abdomen

Left = stomach
Right = mid chest, oesophagus, lungs

Question 13

What is virchow’s node?

Answer 13

Left supraclavicular node

Enlarged in gastric carcinoma

Question 14

Give the path of lymph through the lymphatic system.

Answer 14

Capillaries
Vessels Afferent
Lymph nodes
Vessels Efferent
Lymphatic trunks
Right lymph duct OR thoracic duct
R/L subclavian vein

Question 15

What does the thoracic duct drain? Where does it begin? How long is the thoracic duct? Where does it empty?

Answer 15

3Lower body and upper left side

Begins at L2

38-46cm long

Empties into left venous angle between left subclavian vein and left IJV

Question 16

What does the right lymphatic duct drain? How long is the duct? Where does it empty?

Answer 16

Upper right side of body
1.2 cm long
Drains into right venous angle between right subclavian vein and IJV

Question 17

What is lymphoedema?

Causes?

Answer 17

Fluid retention and chronic tissue swelling due to compromised lymphatic system.
Removal of enlarged lymph nodes
Infections
Damage to lymphatics
Lack of limb movement
Congential

Question 18

What is lymphadenopathy? Causes and feeling?

Answer 18

Enlargement of lymph nodes.
Infection:
Tender, smooth
Glandular fever

Malignancy:
Non-tender, craggy
Primary metastases from lymphoma or H&N
Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 19

What causes glandular fever?

Answer 19

Epstein BArr virus
Swollen painful lymph nodes
Sore throat
Fatigue
Fever

Question 20

What is a retropharyngeal abscess

Answer 20

Puss accumulates in retropharyngeal space between pre vertebral fascia and alar fascia
Bulge in pharynx - dysphagia and dysarthria

Question 21

What is chyle?

Answer 21

Lymph from the Small Intestines that contains fats

Question 22

Functions of lymph nodes?

Answer 22

Phagocytic cells act as filter of particles and pathogens

Antigen presenting cells present antigens to immune system

Question 23

Give 5 functions of the lymph system.

Answer 23

Immunological
Physical/phagocytic barrier
Antigen presentation to immune response
Maintenance of body fluid volume
Transport of cellular debris that does not use circulation.
Transport of fats from the SI as chyle
Assist capillaries in returning plasma proteins that have leaked into interstitium

Question 24

What is lymph?

Answer 24

Transudate ( Capillary oncotic + Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
3/4L per day