Lympathics (Comparative Anatomy)

Question 1

Iliosacral Lymphocenter includes 5 different nodes which are?

Answer 1

Medial iliac Node
Lateral Iliac Node
Internal Iliac Node
Sacral Nodes
Anorectal Nodes

Question 2

Main group at aortic quadrification of Iliosacral Lymphocenter?

Answer 2

Medial Iliac Nodes

Question 3

An Iliosacral Lymphocenter, that is NOT present in dogs and cats

Answer 3

Lateral Iliac Nodes

Question 4

Under Iliosacral Lymphocenter, it is ventral to sacrum.

Answer 4

Sacral Nodes

Question 5

Anorectal Node is located where?

Answer 5

Lateral to Rectum

Question 6

This nodes are located along the external iliac artery or its femoral continuation

Answer 6

Iliofemoral Lymphocenter

Question 7

Where is Iliofemoral Lymphocenter located?

Answer 7

Along the external iliac artery or its femoral continuation.

Question 8

The Inguinofemoral Lymphocenter includes this two nodes called:

Answer 8

Superficial Inguinal Nodes
Subiliac Nodes

Question 9

What Inguinofemoral Lymphocenter is palpable in dogs, ruminants and horses? (Scrotal/Mammary)

Answer 9

Superficial Inguinal Nodes

Question 10

This node in Inguinofemoral Lymphocenter is Missing in Dogs and Rare in Cats. But is palpable in Ruminants and Horses

Answer 10

Subiliac Nodes

Question 11

Subiliac Nodes is under what pelvic lymph center?

Answer 11

Inguinofemoral Lymphocenter

Question 12

The Inguinofemoral Lymphocenter also includes these other lymph nodes;

Answer 12

• Coaxial lymph nodes
• lymph nodes of paralumbar fossa
• Epigastric lymph nodes

Question 13

What does the Inguinofemoral Lymphocenter drains?

Answer 13

Drains the flank, caudoventral abdominal wall, scrotum and Mammary glands

Question 14

What nodes in Inguinofemoral Lymphocenter needs to be removed in cases of mammary tumors?

Answer 14

Superficial Inguinal Nodes

Question 15

Located in Popliteal fossa, caudal to stifle.

Answer 15

Popliteal Lymphocenter

Question 16

Where is Popliteal Lymphocenter located?

Answer 16

Popliteal fossa

Question 17

What does Popliteal Lymphocenter includes?

Answer 17

Superficially popliteal lymph nodes

Deep Popliteal lymph nodes

Question 18

What animals is Popliteal Lymphocenter palpable?

Answer 18

Dogs and Cats

Question 19

Where is the axillary lymph node located?

Answer 19

In the axilla (armpit region).

Question 20

What does the axillary lymph node drain?

Answer 20

It drains the forelimbs and the thoracic wall, including the first three pairs of mammary glands in dogs

Question 21

What is the accessory axillary lymph node, and in which species is it found?

Answer 21

additional lymph node present in cats and inconsistently found in dogs and cattle.

Question 22

What is unique about horses regarding axillary lymph nodes?

Answer 22

Horses have a palpable cubital lymph node, which is absent in other species.

Question 23

How is the dorsal thoracic lymphocenter divided?

Answer 23

It is divided into intercostal lymph nodes and thoracic aortic lymph nodes.

Question 24

Where are intercostal lymph nodes located?

Answer 24

the upper intercostal spaces (between ribs).

Question 25

Where are thoracic aortic lymph nodes located?

Answer 25

They are spread along the aorta.

Question 26

What special lymphatic structure do ruminants have in this region?

Answer 26

Ruminants have hemal nodes, which are similar to lymph nodes but contain blood instead of lymph and are directly linked to blood vessels rather than lymphatic vessels.

Question 27

Where is the ventral thoracic lymphocenter located?

Answer 27

Dorsal to the sternum, lateral to the transverse thoracic muscle.

Question 28

What are the two divisions of the ventral thoracic lymphocenter?

Answer 28

Cranial Set: Present in all domestic species. Caudal Set: Present in ruminants and some cats, but absent in dogs and most other species.

Question 29

(Ventral Thoracic Lymphocenter) Present in all domestic species.

Answer 29

Cranial set of Ventral Thoracic Lymphocenter

Question 30

Where is the mediastinal lymphocenter located?

Answer 30

Within the mediastinum.

Question 31

What are the three divisions of the mediastinal lymph nodes?

Answer 31

Cranial Mediastinal Lymph Nodes Middle Mediastinal Lymph Nodes Caudal Mediastinal Lymph Nodes

Question 32

In which species are the caudal mediastinal lymph nodes absent?

Answer 32

They are absent in dogs and cats but are large in ruminants.

Question 33

What are the bronchial lymph nodes also called?

Answer 33

Tracheobronchial or bifurcational lymph nodes.

Question 34

Where are bronchial lymph nodes located?

Answer 34

Above the bifurcation of the trachea

Question 35

What are the four divisions of bronchial lymph nodes?

Answer 35

Right Tracheobronchial Nodes Middle Tracheobronchial Nodes Left Tracheobronchial Nodes Cranial Tracheobronchial Nodes (only in ruminants and pigs, which have a tracheal bronchus)

Question 36

What is the primary function of bronchial lymph nodes?

Answer 36

They are critical for lymphatic drainage of the lungs.

Question 37

Where do the efferent lymphatic vessels from abdominal lymph nodes converge?

Answer 37

They converge into larger collecting ducts.

Question 38

Where do abdominal lymph nodes drain?

Answer 38

They drain into lymphocenters near the abdominal aorta in the lumbar region.

Question 39

What structures are the abdominal lymph nodes associated with?

Answer 39

They are associated with the drainage of major blood vessels and corresponding organs.

Question 40

What do the celiac lymph nodes drain?

Answer 40

Structures supplied by the celiac artery.

Question 42

What are the two main types of lumbar lymph nodes?

Answer 42

Lumbar aortic and renal lymph nodes.

Question 43

Where are lumbar aortic lymph nodes located?

Answer 43

Beside the aorta, between transverse lumbar vertebrae.

Question 44

Where are renal lymph nodes found, and in which species are they absent?

Answer 44

They are associated with renal vessels but absent in carnivores.

Question 45

What structures does the lumbar lymphocenter drain?

Answer 45

Kidneys, loins, adrenal glands, and abdominal urogenital system (including testes, into the cisterna chyli).

Question 46

What does the caudal mesenteric lymphocenter consist of?

Answer 46

The caudal mesenteric lymph nodes.

Question 47

What structure does it drain?

Answer 47

The descending colon.

Question 48

What lymph nodes are part of the cranial mesenteric lymphocenter?

Answer 48

Cranial mesenteric, jejunal, caecal, and colic lymph nodes.

Question 49

What is notable about the cranial mesenteric lymph nodes across species?

Answer 49

They show interspecies variation in number, form, and location.

Question 50

What structures do they drain?

Answer 50

The small intestines and large intestines up to the transverse colon.

Question 51

Where is the coeliac lymphocenter located?

Answer 51

In areas supplied by the coeliac artery.

Question 52

What are the main lymph nodes in the coeliac lymphocenter?

Answer 52

Coeliac, splenic, gastric, and pancreatoduodenal lymph nodes.

Question 53

How are gastric lymph nodes further classified in ruminants? (Coeliac Lymphocenter)

Answer 53

Into ruminal, reticular, omasal, and abomasal nodes.