LVO Flashcards
What category auto lands are Jet2 approved to conduct?
- CAT2
- CAT3A
- CAT3B
Are jet2 pilots authorised to plan Cat 2 or Cat 3 operations to a manual landing?
No
(except where notified and additional sim training has been completed by both pilots)
What is surface fog?
TBC
- Lots of moisture
- Prevalent on coast
- Cooling air to dew point
What are the 5 categories of fog?
- Radiation (shallow. Usually occurs at night. Cool ground cools the air above it. More likely if rain on the ground at night)
- Precipitation Induced Fog (warm air or drizzle falls through cool air. Can be extensive. Common with warm fronts. Critical issue as associated with icing and thunderstorms
- Advection Fog (warm moist air moves over ground or water. Can move rapidly)
- ice fog (below freezing - usually below minus 20. Can be blinding when flying into the sun)
- Upslope fog (result of moist stable air moving up terrain. Can form high altitudes)
Homogenous fog
Fog that is uniform with height. Density of water droplets do not vary with altitude. However, conditions increase as you descend
ILS key facts
- Outer Marker
a) 4-7 miles from runway
b) bkue - Middle Marker
a) 3000 - 6000ft
b) 914’m to 1829m - Localiser aerial (90hz and 150hz)
- Localiser range (25nm)
- Glideslope (90hz and 150hz). Range 2 to 4.5 degrees (but usually set to 3 degrees. Caution intercepting from above due to false signals)
Runway lighting
Calvert 3 HIALS
- White lights - runway edge
- Green lights - runway threshold
3B. Block of Five white horizontal lights on either side of centreline after crossing threshold = touchdown zone
- Centre line - starts all white. Followed by red and white alternating
- Yellow - caution zone
- Red - stopway
Runway centreline lights
- All white
- 600m of the last 900m (consecutive red and white)
- 300m of the last 900m (red)
In addition - during last 600m runway edge lights are yellow
When is an aircraft deemed clear of an ILS critical area?
Once the entire aircraft is passed the point at which the taxiway centre line lights change from yellow/green to just a steady green
How are the ILS signals protected from interference?
- ILS critical and sensitive areas to be kept clear
What colour are the taxiway lights?
- Blue - edge lights
- Centreline - Green
Aerodrome markings (holding points)
- Cat 1 holding point (one or two solid yellow lines next to 2 spaced yellow lines)
- Cat 2 or Cat 3 holding point (yellow ladder)
How do you know the sign indicating the taxiway you are on and where the next taxiway is?
- Black background and yellow letter - tells you what taxiway you are on
- Yellow background with black writing - gives you information of where a taxiway will be (I.e direction to)
Can you cross Red Cross bar lights when illuminated?
No. Must be questioned with ATC
LVO key definitions
- Decision height - wheel height above the runway elevation. DH below must be based on reference to a RAD ALT
- ILS Critical Area. Dimensions around the localiser and glide path antennae where vehicles / aircraft are excluded during all ILS operations.
- ILS Sensitive Area. Dimensions beyond the critical area where parking and movement of vehicles / aircraft are controlled to prevent ILS interference
- Alert Height. Height above which an approach must be discontinued in the event of fail or failures of a fail operational system or RVR below minimums or visual reference not established
- Cat 2
a) ILS DH between 200-100 feet
b) RVR 300m - CAT3A
a) ILS DH 50-100 feet
b) RVR 200m - CAT3B
a) ILS DH 0-50 feet
b) RVR - 75m - FAIL OPERATIONAL
a) failure below alert height - flare and landing can be completed automatically - FAIL PASSIVE
a) if autoland system fails - it will disengage. Landing done manually or go around if do not have the required references - APPROACH BAN point
a) approach cannot be continued below 1000 AAL unless meet required RVR
MINIMA SUMMARISED ON PHOTO (phone)
When are LVO procedures implemented as a minimum?
- Departure ops- RVR less than 550m (met 800m)
- Cloud ceiling is less than 200 feet
RVR measurements - three zones
- Touchdown (controlling)
- Mid Point
- Stop End
LVO Take off. LVO minimum and jet2 minimum
- LVO Take off - RVR less than 400m
- With required lights and LVP - RVR less than 150m
- J2 has approval for RVR NO LESS THAN 125m
When must a captain do the take off in LVO?
When the RVR is less than 400m
Factors to take into account at planning stage with LVOs
- Take off delays at departure airport (due to backlog of departing and arriving aircraft)
- Approach delays (including holds at low altitudes)
- Increments for use of anti ice and use of APU
- Allow a minimum of 30 mins taxi fuel for departure and 30 mins holding fuel for arrival
When will a take off ban apply?
- Any reported RVR below the RVR requirement for take off
- Visibility from flight deck below 90m
- Cloud ceiling below limits
- Unable to distinguish runway from its surroundings
If the RVR is reported as 125 - 100 - 150
Can you take off?
No
125m would be required in all three sections
If the TDZ RVR is inoperable and the remaining RVR is
XXX - 125 - 150
Can you take off
Yes. TDZ RVR value is replaced by pilot assessment for take off
Where can you find information on Approach Bans
Operations Manual part A