LVO

Question 1

What category auto lands are Jet2 approved to conduct?

Answer 1

1. CAT2
2. CAT3A
3. CAT3B

Question 2

Are jet2 pilots authorised to plan Cat 2 or Cat 3 operations to a manual landing?

Answer 2

No

(except where notified and additional sim training has been completed by both pilots)

Question 3

What is surface fog?

Answer 3

TBC

1. Lots of moisture
2. Prevalent on coast
3. Cooling air to dew point

Question 4

What are the 5 categories of fog?

Answer 4

1. Radiation (shallow. Usually occurs at night. Cool ground cools the air above it. More likely if rain on the ground at night)
2. Precipitation Induced Fog (warm air or drizzle falls through cool air. Can be extensive. Common with warm fronts. Critical issue as associated with icing and thunderstorms
3. Advection Fog (warm moist air moves over ground or water. Can move rapidly)
4. ice fog (below freezing - usually below minus 20. Can be blinding when flying into the sun)
5. Upslope fog (result of moist stable air moving up terrain. Can form high altitudes)

Question 5

Homogenous fog

Answer 5

Fog that is uniform with height. Density of water droplets do not vary with altitude. However, conditions increase as you descend

Question 6

ILS key facts

Answer 6

1. Outer Marker
   a) 4-7 miles from runway
   b) bkue
2. Middle Marker
   a) 3000 - 6000ft
   b) 914’m to 1829m
3. Localiser aerial (90hz and 150hz)
4. Localiser range (25nm)
5. Glideslope (90hz and 150hz). Range 2 to 4.5 degrees (but usually set to 3 degrees. Caution intercepting from above due to false signals)

Question 7

Runway lighting

Answer 7

Calvert 3 HIALS

2. White lights - runway edge
3. Green lights - runway threshold

3B. Block of Five white horizontal lights on either side of centreline after crossing threshold = touchdown zone

4. Centre line - starts all white. Followed by red and white alternating
5. Yellow - caution zone
6. Red - stopway

Question 8

Runway centreline lights

Answer 8

1. All white
2. 600m of the last 900m (consecutive red and white)
3. 300m of the last 900m (red)

In addition - during last 600m runway edge lights are yellow

Question 9

When is an aircraft deemed clear of an ILS critical area?

Answer 9

Once the entire aircraft is passed the point at which the taxiway centre line lights change from yellow/green to just a steady green

Question 10

How are the ILS signals protected from interference?

Answer 10

1. ILS critical and sensitive areas to be kept clear

Question 11

What colour are the taxiway lights?

Answer 11

1. Blue - edge lights
2. Centreline - Green

Question 12

Aerodrome markings (holding points)

Answer 12

1. Cat 1 holding point (one or two solid yellow lines next to 2 spaced yellow lines)
2. Cat 2 or Cat 3 holding point (yellow ladder)

Question 13

How do you know the sign indicating the taxiway you are on and where the next taxiway is?

Answer 13

1. Black background and yellow letter - tells you what taxiway you are on
2. Yellow background with black writing - gives you information of where a taxiway will be (I.e direction to)

Question 14

Can you cross Red Cross bar lights when illuminated?

Answer 14

No. Must be questioned with ATC

Question 15

LVO key definitions

Answer 15

1. Decision height - wheel height above the runway elevation. DH below must be based on reference to a RAD ALT
2. ILS Critical Area. Dimensions around the localiser and glide path antennae where vehicles / aircraft are excluded during all ILS operations.
3. ILS Sensitive Area. Dimensions beyond the critical area where parking and movement of vehicles / aircraft are controlled to prevent ILS interference
4. Alert Height. Height above which an approach must be discontinued in the event of fail or failures of a fail operational system or RVR below minimums or visual reference not established
5. Cat 2
   a) ILS DH between 200-100 feet
   b) RVR 300m
6. CAT3A
   a) ILS DH 50-100 feet
   b) RVR 200m
7. CAT3B
   a) ILS DH 0-50 feet
   b) RVR - 75m
8. FAIL OPERATIONAL
   a) failure below alert height - flare and landing can be completed automatically
9. FAIL PASSIVE
   a) if autoland system fails - it will disengage. Landing done manually or go around if do not have the required references
10. APPROACH BAN point
    a) approach cannot be continued below 1000 AAL unless meet required RVR

MINIMA SUMMARISED ON PHOTO (phone)

Question 16

When are LVO procedures implemented as a minimum?

Answer 16

1. Departure ops- RVR less than 550m (met 800m)
2. Cloud ceiling is less than 200 feet

Question 17

RVR measurements - three zones

Answer 17

1. Touchdown (controlling)
2. Mid Point
3. Stop End

Question 18

LVO Take off. LVO minimum and jet2 minimum

Answer 18

1. LVO Take off - RVR less than 400m
2. With required lights and LVP - RVR less than 150m
3. J2 has approval for RVR NO LESS THAN 125m

Question 19

When must a captain do the take off in LVO?

Answer 19

When the RVR is less than 400m

Question 20

Factors to take into account at planning stage with LVOs

Answer 20

1. Take off delays at departure airport (due to backlog of departing and arriving aircraft)
2. Approach delays (including holds at low altitudes)
3. Increments for use of anti ice and use of APU
4. Allow a minimum of 30 mins taxi fuel for departure and 30 mins holding fuel for arrival

Question 21

When will a take off ban apply?

Answer 21

1. Any reported RVR below the RVR requirement for take off
2. Visibility from flight deck below 90m
3. Cloud ceiling below limits
4. Unable to distinguish runway from its surroundings

Question 22

If the RVR is reported as 125 - 100 - 150

Can you take off?

Answer 22

No

125m would be required in all three sections

Question 23

If the TDZ RVR is inoperable and the remaining RVR is

XXX - 125 - 150

Can you take off

Answer 23

Yes. TDZ RVR value is replaced by pilot assessment for take off

Question 24

Where can you find information on Approach Bans

Answer 24

Operations Manual part A

Question 25

Cat 1 / NPA / APV - visual references (at least one) required at DH / MDH

Answer 25

1. Events of the approach lighting system
2. The threshold
3. Threshold markings / lights/ID lights
4. Visual glideslope indicator
5. Touch down zone markings / lights
6. Runway edge lights

Question 26

Cat 2- visual references required

Answer 26

3 consecutive lights are attained and can be maintained (any combo of):

1. Centre line of the approach lights
2. Touch zone lights
3. Runway centre line lights
4. Runway edge lights

Note: the visual reference must include a lateral element of the ground pattern, fan approach lighting crossbar or landing threshold or touchdown zone barrette

Question 27

Cat 3A - visual references required

Answer 27

3 consecutive lights are attained and can be maintained (any combination of)

1. Centre line of the approach lights
2. Touchdown zone lights
3. Runway centre line lights
4. Runway edge lights

NOTE: difference with Cat 2 is that CAT3A does NOT require a lateral element

Question 28

Cat 3B - visual reference required (with DH and without DH

Answer 28

With DH, “at least one centreline light is attained and can be maintained by the pilot”

Without DH, no visual reference required

Question 29

Can a reversion to a lower category approach be made if the required minima are available?

Answer 29

Yes

Question 30

When arming approach - what does the “LOC” pb and “APPR” pb do?

Answer 30

LOC - Arms loc for FMGS capture

APPR- Arms loc mode for FMGS automatic capture and arms G/S mode for FMGS automatic capture

Question 31

Non precision approach FMAs

Answer 31

TBC

Question 32

Autoland FMA sequence

Answer 32

1. 40 feet RA- FLARE and THR IDLE
2. 30 feet - AP/FD aligns with centreline
3. 10 feet - audio command to RETARD thrust
4. at touch down - ROLL OUT

Question 33

An automatic landing is permitted if:

Answer 33

1. CONF 3 or FULL
2. CAT 2 or better annunciated on FMA
3. G/S angle within 2.5 - 3.15 degrees
4. Airfield Elevation not above 2500fy
5. VAPP (VLS plus 1/3 headwind and VLS plus plus 5)
6. Runway not contaminated
7. Autoland wind limits

Question 34

CAT 2 and 3 Approaches

Answer 34

1. Minimum equipments to fly a precision approach = ILS
2. The minimum equipments to fly an automatic approach = ILS plus A/P
3. The minimum equipment to fly an automatic approach and landing = ILS plus A/P plus auto land capability

Question 35

What does FMA “FAIL PASSIVE CAT 3 SINGLE” mean?

Answer 35

A single failure will lead to the AP disconnection without any significant out of trim condition or deviation of the flight path or attitude. Manual flight is required. The minimum DH is 50 ft

Question 36

What does “FAIL OPERATIONAL CAT 3 DUAL”

Answer 36

CAT 3 Is announced when the airborne systems are “fail operational”. In case of single failure, the AP will continue to guide the aircraft on the flight and the automatic landing system will operate as fail-passive

In the event of a failure below the AH, the approach, flare and landing can be completed by the remaining part of the automatic system

In that case, no capability degradation is indicated. Such a redundancy allows CAT 3 operations with our without DH

Question 37

Alert height

Answer 37

1. Relevant to CAT 3 DUAL
2. Alert height is 100ft RA

Question 38

Failure and Associated actions below 1000ft

Answer 38

Go around for Amber caution or landing capability downgrade

Question 39

Following an engine failure - any automatic landing is approved if?

Answer 39

1. All engine failure procedures completed by 100 ft ARTE
2. Config full is used

Due to failure, the lowest permissible approach is CAT3A or better:

A) DH 50 feet
B) RVR 200m

Question 40

When do you get a red AUTO LAND warning?

Answer 40

1. Both APs off
2. Excessive LOC OR G/S deviation
3. LOC OR G/S signal lost
4. difference between 2 RAs - 15 feet