LVO Flashcards
What category auto lands are Jet2 approved to conduct?
- CAT2
- CAT3A
- CAT3B
Are jet2 pilots authorised to plan Cat 2 or Cat 3 operations to a manual landing?
No
(except where notified and additional sim training has been completed by both pilots)
What is surface fog?
TBC
- Lots of moisture
- Prevalent on coast
- Cooling air to dew point
What are the 5 categories of fog?
- Radiation (shallow. Usually occurs at night. Cool ground cools the air above it. More likely if rain on the ground at night)
- Precipitation Induced Fog (warm air or drizzle falls through cool air. Can be extensive. Common with warm fronts. Critical issue as associated with icing and thunderstorms
- Advection Fog (warm moist air moves over ground or water. Can move rapidly)
- ice fog (below freezing - usually below minus 20. Can be blinding when flying into the sun)
- Upslope fog (result of moist stable air moving up terrain. Can form high altitudes)
Homogenous fog
Fog that is uniform with height. Density of water droplets do not vary with altitude. However, conditions increase as you descend
ILS key facts
- Outer Marker
a) 4-7 miles from runway
b) bkue - Middle Marker
a) 3000 - 6000ft
b) 914’m to 1829m - Localiser aerial (90hz and 150hz)
- Localiser range (25nm)
- Glideslope (90hz and 150hz). Range 2 to 4.5 degrees (but usually set to 3 degrees. Caution intercepting from above due to false signals)
Runway lighting
Calvert 3 HIALS
- White lights - runway edge
- Green lights - runway threshold
3B. Block of Five white horizontal lights on either side of centreline after crossing threshold = touchdown zone
- Centre line - starts all white. Followed by red and white alternating
- Yellow - caution zone
- Red - stopway
Runway centreline lights
- All white
- 600m of the last 900m (consecutive red and white)
- 300m of the last 900m (red)
In addition - during last 600m runway edge lights are yellow
When is an aircraft deemed clear of an ILS critical area?
Once the entire aircraft is passed the point at which the taxiway centre line lights change from yellow/green to just a steady green
How are the ILS signals protected from interference?
- ILS critical and sensitive areas to be kept clear
What colour are the taxiway lights?
- Blue - edge lights
- Centreline - Green
Aerodrome markings (holding points)
- Cat 1 holding point (one or two solid yellow lines next to 2 spaced yellow lines)
- Cat 2 or Cat 3 holding point (yellow ladder)
How do you know the sign indicating the taxiway you are on and where the next taxiway is?
- Black background and yellow letter - tells you what taxiway you are on
- Yellow background with black writing - gives you information of where a taxiway will be (I.e direction to)
Can you cross Red Cross bar lights when illuminated?
No. Must be questioned with ATC
LVO key definitions
- Decision height - wheel height above the runway elevation. DH below must be based on reference to a RAD ALT
- ILS Critical Area. Dimensions around the localiser and glide path antennae where vehicles / aircraft are excluded during all ILS operations.
- ILS Sensitive Area. Dimensions beyond the critical area where parking and movement of vehicles / aircraft are controlled to prevent ILS interference
- Alert Height. Height above which an approach must be discontinued in the event of fail or failures of a fail operational system or RVR below minimums or visual reference not established
- Cat 2
a) ILS DH between 200-100 feet
b) RVR 300m - CAT3A
a) ILS DH 50-100 feet
b) RVR 200m - CAT3B
a) ILS DH 0-50 feet
b) RVR - 75m - FAIL OPERATIONAL
a) failure below alert height - flare and landing can be completed automatically - FAIL PASSIVE
a) if autoland system fails - it will disengage. Landing done manually or go around if do not have the required references - APPROACH BAN point
a) approach cannot be continued below 1000 AAL unless meet required RVR
MINIMA SUMMARISED ON PHOTO (phone)
When are LVO procedures implemented as a minimum?
- Departure ops- RVR less than 550m (met 800m)
- Cloud ceiling is less than 200 feet
RVR measurements - three zones
- Touchdown (controlling)
- Mid Point
- Stop End
LVO Take off. LVO minimum and jet2 minimum
- LVO Take off - RVR less than 400m
- With required lights and LVP - RVR less than 150m
- J2 has approval for RVR NO LESS THAN 125m
When must a captain do the take off in LVO?
When the RVR is less than 400m
Factors to take into account at planning stage with LVOs
- Take off delays at departure airport (due to backlog of departing and arriving aircraft)
- Approach delays (including holds at low altitudes)
- Increments for use of anti ice and use of APU
- Allow a minimum of 30 mins taxi fuel for departure and 30 mins holding fuel for arrival
When will a take off ban apply?
- Any reported RVR below the RVR requirement for take off
- Visibility from flight deck below 90m
- Cloud ceiling below limits
- Unable to distinguish runway from its surroundings
If the RVR is reported as 125 - 100 - 150
Can you take off?
No
125m would be required in all three sections
If the TDZ RVR is inoperable and the remaining RVR is
XXX - 125 - 150
Can you take off
Yes. TDZ RVR value is replaced by pilot assessment for take off
Where can you find information on Approach Bans
Operations Manual part A
Cat 1 / NPA / APV - visual references (at least one) required at DH / MDH
- Events of the approach lighting system
- The threshold
- Threshold markings / lights/ID lights
- Visual glideslope indicator
- Touch down zone markings / lights
- Runway edge lights
Cat 2- visual references required
3 consecutive lights are attained and can be maintained (any combo of):
- Centre line of the approach lights
- Touch zone lights
- Runway centre line lights
- Runway edge lights
Note: the visual reference must include a lateral element of the ground pattern, fan approach lighting crossbar or landing threshold or touchdown zone barrette
Cat 3A - visual references required
3 consecutive lights are attained and can be maintained (any combination of)
- Centre line of the approach lights
- Touchdown zone lights
- Runway centre line lights
- Runway edge lights
NOTE: difference with Cat 2 is that CAT3A does NOT require a lateral element
Cat 3B - visual reference required (with DH and without DH
With DH, “at least one centreline light is attained and can be maintained by the pilot”
Without DH, no visual reference required
Can a reversion to a lower category approach be made if the required minima are available?
Yes
When arming approach - what does the “LOC” pb and “APPR” pb do?
LOC - Arms loc for FMGS capture
APPR- Arms loc mode for FMGS automatic capture and arms G/S mode for FMGS automatic capture
Non precision approach FMAs
TBC
Autoland FMA sequence
- 40 feet RA- FLARE and THR IDLE
- 30 feet - AP/FD aligns with centreline
- 10 feet - audio command to RETARD thrust
- at touch down - ROLL OUT
An automatic landing is permitted if:
- CONF 3 or FULL
- CAT 2 or better annunciated on FMA
- G/S angle within 2.5 - 3.15 degrees
- Airfield Elevation not above 2500fy
- VAPP (VLS plus 1/3 headwind and VLS plus plus 5)
- Runway not contaminated
- Autoland wind limits
CAT 2 and 3 Approaches
- Minimum equipments to fly a precision approach = ILS
- The minimum equipments to fly an automatic approach = ILS plus A/P
- The minimum equipment to fly an automatic approach and landing = ILS plus A/P plus auto land capability
What does FMA “FAIL PASSIVE CAT 3 SINGLE” mean?
A single failure will lead to the AP disconnection without any significant out of trim condition or deviation of the flight path or attitude. Manual flight is required. The minimum DH is 50 ft
What does “FAIL OPERATIONAL CAT 3 DUAL”
CAT 3 Is announced when the airborne systems are “fail operational”. In case of single failure, the AP will continue to guide the aircraft on the flight and the automatic landing system will operate as fail-passive
In the event of a failure below the AH, the approach, flare and landing can be completed by the remaining part of the automatic system
In that case, no capability degradation is indicated. Such a redundancy allows CAT 3 operations with our without DH
Alert height
- Relevant to CAT 3 DUAL
- Alert height is 100ft RA
Failure and Associated actions below 1000ft
Go around for Amber caution or landing capability downgrade
Following an engine failure - any automatic landing is approved if?
- All engine failure procedures completed by 100 ft ARTE
- Config full is used
Due to failure, the lowest permissible approach is CAT3A or better:
A) DH 50 feet
B) RVR 200m
When do you get a red AUTO LAND warning?
- Both APs off
- Excessive LOC OR G/S deviation
- LOC OR G/S signal lost
- difference between 2 RAs - 15 feet
