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Science > Lungs / photosynthesis/ gaseous exchange > Flashcards

Lungs / photosynthesis/ gaseous exchange Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The word equation for aerobic respiration is..

A

Glucose + oxygen -> Carbon dioxide + water

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2
Q

What is the word equation for Anaerobic respiration?

A

Glucose -> lactic acid + Carbon dioxide + water

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3
Q

Differences between anaerobic & aerobic respiration

A

Anaerobic creates lactic acid (or alcohol in fermentation) and creates little energy
Aerobic creates lots of energy and no lactic acid

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4
Q

Respiration is…

A

The process that transfers energy in plants and animals and happens in every living cell releases energy from glucose

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5
Q

Photosynthesis is…

A

The process plants and algae to make their own food, glucose. It is a process which uses light energy

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6
Q

Aerobic respiration occurs in..

A

Mitochondria

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7
Q

Anaerobic respiration occurs in…

A

The cytoplasm

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8
Q

Test for CO2 is..

A

Limewater goes cloudy

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9
Q

MRS GREN stands for…

A

The 7 necessary features of living things ( movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition)

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10
Q

Where does glucose come from?

A

Digested carbohydrates

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11
Q

Combustion is…

A

The burning between a fuel and oxygen
fuel + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water
Heat and light energy are also released

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12
Q

What are the parts in the respiratory system?

A

Trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli and diaphragm and lung

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13
Q

What are the alveoli?

A

They are small broccoli like structures where gas exchange happens which fill with air when you breathe in

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14
Q

Why are the alveoli good at their job?

A

They have a large surface area
They have a good supply of blood
are moist
And are very thin and elasticity for short gas exchange time

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15
Q

Gas exchange in lungs and tissue…

A

Lungs put O2 in red blood cells (oxygenated blood)
blood is pumped around body to cells and tissue around the body
cells use O2 and blood is deoxygenated
waste product is CO2 which blood takes back to lungs for removal

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16
Q

What is the Process of inhalation?

A

Intercostal muscles (muscles in between ribs) contract and ribs go out and up. Diaphragm contracts and moves down. Volume of chest cavity increases and pressure decreases. Air moves into lungs

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17
Q

Process of exhalation

A

Intercostals relax - ribs in and down,
Diaphragm relaxes and moves up. Volume of cavity decrease and pressure increases and air moves out.

18
Q

Name each part in the bell jar experiment.

A

Balloon = lungs
Bell jar = cavity
Rubber sheet = diaphragm
Balloons get bigger as pull diaphragm down.

19
Q

Epiglottis

A

Prevents food from entering the windpipe

20
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Weight loss, loss of appetite, night sweats and tiredness.
Caused by bacteria from weakened immune system. Spread by coughs, laughing, sneezing.
Treat by antibacterial medicine for 6-12 months

21
Q

Lung Cancer

A

Symptoms - persistent coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing up blood, tiredness.
Caused by smoking cigarettes
Treat by chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy

22
Q

Pleurisy

A

Symptoms - pain in chest when breathing, persistent cough, breathing difficulties, unwell and fever.
Caused by bacterial and viral infections - can lead to pneumonia.
Similar treatment to TB.

23
Q

Glycogen

A

Energy form stored in muscles. If not used turns to body fat

24
Q

Energy

A

Used to keep us warm, move and contract muscles

25
Q

Anaerobic respiration - how long??

A

Body can only cope anaerobically for a short period - so a sprinter respires anaerobically but a marathon runner will respire aerobically

26
Q

Why don’t we instantly recover from exercise - i.e. high heart rate, body temp

A

HR remains high to supply more oxygen to break down lactic acid. Better to take deep breaths rather than short shallow breaths

27
Q

What is EPOC (Excess post-exercise consumption)?

A

Need for additional oxygen post exrecise. Also known as oxygen debt.

28
Q

What is recovery time

A

Time taken for heart rate and body temp to return to normal.

29
Q

Anaerobic respiration in plants plus other microorganisms

A

Some microorganisms produce ethanol and co2 instread of lactic

30
Q

What is fermentation?

A

Anaerobic respiration in some microorganisms and plants

Glucose => ethanol +co2 and energy

Beer, wine and bread are made using fermentation. Alcohol is created from fermented sugar.

31
Q

Bread??

A

Yeast undergoes cellular respiration.

Yeast starts with aerobic respiration creating Co2 and dough rises

After oxygen runs out starts anaerobically and alcohol produced - but burnt off when bread is cooked

32
Q

How does photosynthesis take place?

A

Water travels up from roots, co2 enters through holes underneath leaf (stomata), sunlight gives energy and chlorophyll is green stuff were reaction takes place
It happens in palisade cell of leaf

33
Q

What is photosynthesis chemical reaction?

A

Co2 +H20 = C6H12O6 + 02

34
Q

What are key parts of leaf?

A

Waxy cuticle, Chloroplast, Palisade, Spongy mesophyll cells and stomata

35
Q

Word equation for photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide and water (reactants) use light energy and chlorophyll to create glucose and oxygen (products)

36
Q

Why are leaves green?

A

Contain chlorophyll which can absorb sunlight and is green

37
Q

Properties of leaves

A

Thin - allow gas exchange

Surface area - to absorb light (which combines with chlorophyll
Veins - have xylem tubes to carry water and phloem tubes to carry glucose
Waxy - stops water being lost through evaporation

38
Q

What is a chloroplast

A

Critical structure of plant cells. Contain chlorphyll and where photosynthesis takes place

39
Q

What are stomata?

A

Holes in leaves to allow o2 out and co2 in. Guard cells open or close stomata to let right amounts in or out.

40
Q

What nutrients help plants?

A

Potassium - needed for healthy leaves and flowers
Magnesium - for making chlorophyll
Nitrates - contain nitrogen for healthy growth. Used to make amino acids which subsequently make proteins.
Phosphates - mineral containing phosphorus for healthy roots

41
Q

Where do plants get minerals from?

A

Soil and are absorbed through root hairs. Return minerals to soil when they die or leaves are shed.

Fertilisers contain minerals

42
Q
A

Science (11 decks)

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