Digestion & Food Flashcards
What is the order in which food travels around the body?
Mouth, œsophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (and liver for lipids)
What enzyme breaks down carbohydrates?
carbohydrase (amalyze)
What enzyme breaks down proteins?
Protease (pepsin)
What enzyme breaks down lipids?
Lipase
What is the product of carbohydrates?
Maltose
What are the products of lipids?
Fatty acids and glycerol
What are the products of proteins?
Amino acids
Where is bile created and stored?
It is created in the Liver and stored in the gallbladder
What two organs can create lipase, protease and carbohydrase?
The pancreas and small intestine
What is it called when an enzyme and a substrate connect?
An enzyme-substrate complex
Where are carbohydrates digested?
In the mouth and then the small intestine
Where are lipids digested?
In small intestine and then the liver
Where are proteins digested?
In the stomach and then this small intestine
What does the epithelial tissue do?
It helps protect organs from injury
Put these into the correct size order
Organism
Cell
Tissue
Organ system
Organ
Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism
What is the active site?
The site on the enzyme that the substrate goes onto
What is an enzyme and what is it made of?
A biological catalyst.
Protein/amino acid
Where is protein made in a cell?
Ribosome
What is it called when an enzyme loses its active site shape?
To Denature
When an enzyme denatures, what will it not be able to do?
The substrate won’t fit meaning the enzyme will not be able to break down foods
What two factors cause an enzyme to denature?
pH and temperature
What does bile do?
It neutralises the HCl and emulsifies the lipids (makes the molecules smaller so easier to break down)
Why is it good to have a varied diet?
So that you don’t get obese, get anorexia or get ill
What do we use to test for protein?
Biuret solution
What do we use to test for starch?
Iodine solution
What enzyme is created in the salivary glands?
Amylase
What do we use to test for sugar?
Benedict’s solution
What is it called when the substrate locks onto the enzyme to break apart or to make bonds?
Lock and key theory
What colour will biuret turn for a positive result for protein?
Purple
What colour will Benidict’s turn for a positive result for sugar?
Brick red
What colour will iodine turn for a positive result for starch?
black
What colour will biuret turn for a negative result for protein?
Blue
What colour will Benidict’s turn for a negative result for sugar?
Blue
What colour will iodine turn for a negative result for starch?
Brown
What do we use to test for sugar?
Ethanol
What colour will ethanol turn for a positive result for lipids?
Milky-white
What colour will ethanol turn for a negative result for lipids?
Colourless
