Lungs & Mechanics of Breathing Flashcards
Visceral Pleura
Covers lungs
No pain nerve fibers
Parietal Pleura
Covers wall of pleural cavity
Pain nerve fibers - referred to neck and shoulder
Pulmonary Ligament
Inferior to hilar region
Small amount of stability during collapse
Pleura
Serous membrane
Filled with thin film of serous fluid
Pleural Fluid
Allows movement of thoracic cage/diaphragm/lungs
Pleural Fluid Pressure
Under low pressure, negative pressure keeps lungs filled in pleural cavity
Parietal Pleura divided into
Cervical
Costal
Diaphragmatic
Mediastinal
Costomediastinal Recess
Meet anterior to heart in left pleural space
Costodiaphragmatic Recess
Most likely to collect excess fluid
Pneumothorax
Air in pleural cavity causing a hole in lung
Pneumothorax Symptoms
Chest pain
Respiratory distress
Tachycardia
Can be primary or secondary (lung disease)
Hemothorax
Accumulation of blood in pleural space
Hydrothorax/Effusion
Excessive accumulation of serous fluid in pleural space
Thoracentesis
Procedure to remove fluid or air
Right Lung
3 lobes
Oblique/horizontal fissure
Groove for arch of azygos vein, SVC, esophagus
Left Lung
2 lobes
Oblique fissure
Cardiac impression
Groove for arch of aorta and subclavian artery
How many surfaces do the lungs have?
Three
Right bronchus
Wider
Shorter
Runs more vertically - more foreign bodies can block
Pulmonary Plexus
Receives sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation
Quiet Respiration
Inspiration due to diaphragm
Expiration due to passive elastic recoil of lungs and thoracic cage
Forced Respiration (Inspiration)
Due to SCM, scalenes, levator costarum, serratus posterior superior
Forced Respiration (Expiration)
Due to active contraction of rectus abdominis, external & internal oblique muscles, internal intercostals, serratus posterior inferior, transversus thoracis
Barrel Chest
Consequence of chronic emphysema
