Heart Structure

Question 1

Pericardium

Answer 1

Fibrous and serous
Innervated by phrenic nerve
Blood from pericardiophrenic artery

Question 2

Visceral Serous Pericardium

Answer 2

On heart itself

Question 3

Parietal Serous Pericardium

Answer 3

Inner surface of pericardial sac

Question 4

Cardiac Tamponade

Answer 4

Compression of heart due to rapid accumulation of fluid in sac
Limits ability to pump

Question 5

Pericarditis

Answer 5

Remains substernal and does not radiate

Pain is worse lying down

Question 6

Tricuspid valve

Answer 6

Closes at beginning of systole

Question 7

Mitral valve

Answer 7

Closes at beginning of systole

Question 8

Mitral valve prolapse

Answer 8

Valve everts into left atrium, due to high pressure in left ventricle

Question 9

Pulmonary valve

Answer 9

End of systole

Question 10

Aortic valve

Answer 10

Right and left coronary arteries open into space above valve

Question 11

When is blood flow greatest?

Answer 11

Diastole

Question 12

Blocked arteries

Answer 12

40-50% in left anterior descending
30-40% at base of right coronary
15-20% at left circumflex branch

Question 13

Coronary circulation blood

Answer 13

Returns to right atrium though coronary sinus or small anterior cardiac veins

Question 14

Coronary sinus

Answer 14

Receives all cardiac veins expect anterior cardiac and smallest cardiac veins

Question 15

SA Node

Answer 15

Lies in right atrial wall at superior end of sulcus terminalis near superior vena cava

Question 16

SA Node Conduction

Answer 16

Inherent rhythmicity but rate of conduction increases when stimulated by sympathetic cardiac nerves and decreases when stimulated by parasympathetic cardiac nerves

Question 17

Parasympathetic Innervation

Answer 17

Vagus

Question 18

Sympathetic Innervation

Answer 18

Cell bodies in sympathetic chain ganglia from C4-T5

Question 19

Ischemic Cardiac Pain

Answer 19

Result of inadequate blood flow

Carried back with afferents that run with sympathetic nerves

Question 20

Cardiac Referred Pain

Answer 20

Afferent innervation returns with sympathetic nerves accounts for pain to heart, upper thoracic wall and medial side of left UE
Can be referred to neck or right UE