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291 ANAT > LUNGS AND PLEURA > Flashcards

LUNGS AND PLEURA Flashcards

1
Q

The trachea neck is attache to ____ at ____ and passes through

A

cricoid cartilage, ~C6, passes through thoracic inlet

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2
Q

What is the bifurcation of the trachea called?

A

carina

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3
Q

The trachea bifurcates at ______ into…

A

sternal angle (T4/T5), into R and L main bronchus

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4
Q

R main bronchus structure

A

wider, shorter, vertical

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5
Q

Which bronchus is the primary bronchus?

A

R main bronchus

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6
Q

R main bronchus extends into the

A

hilum of the lung

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7
Q

What bronchus is more susceptible to foreign body aspiration? Why?

A

R main bronchus due to vertical arrangement

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8
Q

The R main bronchus branches into

A

3 (secondary) lobar bronchi then (tertiary) segmental bronchi

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9
Q

L main bronchus passes under the ____ to the _____

A

arch of aorta to the hilum

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10
Q

The L main bronchus branches into

A

2 lobar bronchi then segmental bronchi

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11
Q

How many lobes does the R lung have?

A

3

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12
Q

How many lobes does the L lung have?

A

2

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13
Q

What lung is larger? Why?

A

R - L lung has to make room for heart

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14
Q

R Lung Fissures and their function

A

Horizontal – separates superior lobe from middle lobe
Oblique – separates medial lobe from inferior lobe

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15
Q

Lobes of the R lung

A

RUL - superior
RML - middle
RLL- inferior

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16
Q

Surfaces of the R lung

A

costal - surface in contact with ribs/thoracic wall
mediastinal - in contact with mediastinum
Diaphragmatic - in contact with diaphragm
Apex - extends into root of neck

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17
Q

Horizontal fissure of R lung runs

A

at level of 4th rib

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18
Q

Oblique fissure of R lung runs

A

T2 posterior to 6th rib anterior

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19
Q

R lung has grooves for

A

brachiocephalic vein, SVC, azygos vein, esophagus, cardiac impression

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20
Q

L lung fissures and their functions

A

oblique - separates superior lobe from inferior lobe

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21
Q

Lobes of the L lung

A

LUL - superior
LLL - inferior

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22
Q

Oblique fissure of L lung runs

A

T2 posterior to 6th rib anteriorly

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23
Q

L lung has grooves for

A

L common carotid artery, aorta, cardiac impression, cardiac notch, lingula

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24
Q

Hilum

A

exact point where vessels and bronchus enter and leave the lung

25
Q

pulmonary arteries of the lung carry _____ blood

A

deoxygenated

26
Q

pulmonary veins of the lung carry _____ blood

A

oxygenated

27
Q

On the R lung - the pulmonary artery is located _____ to the bronchus

A

anterior

28
Q

On the L lung - the pulmonary artery is located _____ to the bronchus

A

superior

29
Q

Pulmonary trunk branches into

A

R and L pulmonary arteries

30
Q

R pulmonary artery travels

A

under aortic arch, posterior to SVC

31
Q

Pulmonary veins drain

A
  • drain in segmental and lobar pattern - 2 veins from L and R lungs to L atrium, posteriorly
  • drain visceral pleura
32
Q

What drains the visceral pleura?

A

pulmonary veins

33
Q

bronchial arteries branch off of

A

aorta or off upper intercostals

34
Q

Bronchial arteries supply

A

proximal portions of lung (near hilum), support tissues of lung, and visceral pleura

35
Q

Bronchial viens drain

A

proximal regions of lung
R = azygos
L = hemiazygos

36
Q

What nerve controls the sensory component of the lungs?

A

vagus nerve

37
Q

Sympathetic innervation of lungs consists of

A

postganglionic fibers from paravertebral ganglia (to pulmonary plexus)

38
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of lungs consists of

A

Vagus (preganglionic fibers) (to pulmonary plexus)

39
Q

Sympathetic innervation of the lungs controls what 3 main things?

A
  • Bronchial muscle - (inhibitory) bronchodilation
  • Pulmonary vessels - (excitatory) vasoconstriction
  • Secretory glands - (inhibitory) less secretion
40
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the lungs controls what main things?

A

motor = opposite from sympathetic
sensory =
- Bronchial mucosa - sensation for cough reflex
- Bronchial muscles - stretch receptors
- Interalveolar CT  Hering-Breuer reflex (limits respiratory excursion)
- Pulmonary vessels - receptors for pulmonary BP and blood gas levels

41
Q

2 types of lymphatic drainage in the lungs

A

superficial + deep

42
Q

superficial lymph plexus drains

A

lung tissue and visceral pleura

43
Q

deep lymph plexus drains

A

roots of lungs

44
Q

The 2 lymph plexus’s of the lung drain into the ____ which drains into the _____ and lastly into the ______

A
  1. bronchopulmonary (Hilar) Lymphnode
  2. Tracheobronchial lymph node
  3. R side = lymphatic duct
    L side = thoracic duct
45
Q

The tracheobronchial lymph node is located at the

A

tracheal bifurcation (carina)

46
Q

pleura

A

CT component (lining) of lungs/thoracic cage

47
Q

Pleural cavity

A

potential space between two layers (visceral and parietal)

48
Q

Pleural cavity contains

A

very small amount of pleural fluid

49
Q

Visceral pleura

A

outermost lining of lungs, entirely surrounds lungs - reflects on itself to make Parietal

50
Q

Parietal pleura

A

innermost lining of thoracic wall (cage/mediastinum/diaphragm)

51
Q

Visceral pleura innervation

A

Innervation = all autonomic – sensory from Vagus nerve (unconscious)

52
Q

Parietal pleura costal surface blood supply is from

A

I/C

53
Q

Parietal pleura diaphragmatic surface is from

A

internal thoracic

54
Q

Number of blood supplies for visceral vs. parietal

A

visceral = 1
parietal = 2

55
Q

Visceral blood supply

A

bronchial plexus

56
Q

visceral venous drainage

A

pulmonary veins

57
Q

Parietal innervation

A

somatic (intercostal, phrenic)

58
Q

Parietal lymphatic drainage

A

mediastinal, parasternal, axillary

59
Q

Recess occurs when the lungs are

A

relaxed/”resting state” - not breathing in (breathing out)

291 ANAT (8 decks)

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