LUNGS AND PLEURA

Question 1

The trachea neck is attache to ____ at ____ and passes through

Answer 1

cricoid cartilage, ~C6, passes through thoracic inlet

Question 2

What is the bifurcation of the trachea called?

Answer 2

carina

Question 3

The trachea bifurcates at ______ into…

Answer 3

sternal angle (T4/T5), into R and L main bronchus

Question 4

R main bronchus structure

Answer 4

wider, shorter, vertical

Question 5

Which bronchus is the primary bronchus?

Answer 5

R main bronchus

Question 6

R main bronchus extends into the

Answer 6

hilum of the lung

Question 7

What bronchus is more susceptible to foreign body aspiration? Why?

Answer 7

R main bronchus due to vertical arrangement

Question 8

The R main bronchus branches into

Answer 8

3 (secondary) lobar bronchi then (tertiary) segmental bronchi

Question 9

L main bronchus passes under the ____ to the _____

Answer 9

arch of aorta to the hilum

Question 10

The L main bronchus branches into

Answer 10

2 lobar bronchi then segmental bronchi

Question 11

How many lobes does the R lung have?

Answer 11

3

Question 12

How many lobes does the L lung have?

Answer 12

2

Question 13

What lung is larger? Why?

Answer 13

R - L lung has to make room for heart

Question 14

R Lung Fissures and their function

Answer 14

Horizontal – separates superior lobe from middle lobe
Oblique – separates medial lobe from inferior lobe

Question 15

Lobes of the R lung

Answer 15

RUL - superior
RML - middle
RLL- inferior

Question 16

Surfaces of the R lung

Answer 16

costal - surface in contact with ribs/thoracic wall
mediastinal - in contact with mediastinum
Diaphragmatic - in contact with diaphragm
Apex - extends into root of neck

Question 17

Horizontal fissure of R lung runs

Answer 17

at level of 4th rib

Question 18

Oblique fissure of R lung runs

Answer 18

T2 posterior to 6th rib anterior

Question 19

R lung has grooves for

Answer 19

brachiocephalic vein, SVC, azygos vein, esophagus, cardiac impression

Question 20

L lung fissures and their functions

Answer 20

oblique - separates superior lobe from inferior lobe

Question 21

Lobes of the L lung

Answer 21

LUL - superior
LLL - inferior

Question 22

Oblique fissure of L lung runs

Answer 22

T2 posterior to 6th rib anteriorly

Question 23

L lung has grooves for

Answer 23

L common carotid artery, aorta, cardiac impression, cardiac notch, lingula

Question 24

Hilum

Answer 24

exact point where vessels and bronchus enter and leave the lung

Question 25

pulmonary arteries of the lung carry _____ blood

Answer 25

deoxygenated

Question 26

pulmonary veins of the lung carry _____ blood

Answer 26

oxygenated

Question 27

On the R lung - the pulmonary artery is located _____ to the bronchus

Answer 27

anterior

Question 28

On the L lung - the pulmonary artery is located _____ to the bronchus

Answer 28

superior

Question 29

Pulmonary trunk branches into

Answer 29

R and L pulmonary arteries

Question 30

R pulmonary artery travels

Answer 30

under aortic arch, posterior to SVC

Question 31

Pulmonary veins drain

Answer 31

- drain in segmental and lobar pattern - 2 veins from L and R lungs to L atrium, posteriorly - drain visceral pleura

Question 32

What drains the visceral pleura?

Answer 32

pulmonary veins

Question 33

bronchial arteries branch off of

Answer 33

aorta or off upper intercostals

Question 34

Bronchial arteries supply

Answer 34

proximal portions of lung (near hilum), support tissues of lung, and visceral pleura

Question 35

Bronchial viens drain

Answer 35

proximal regions of lung R = azygos L = hemiazygos

Question 36

What nerve controls the sensory component of the lungs?

Answer 36

vagus nerve

Question 37

Sympathetic innervation of lungs consists of

Answer 37

postganglionic fibers from paravertebral ganglia (to pulmonary plexus)

Question 38

Parasympathetic innervation of lungs consists of

Answer 38

Vagus (preganglionic fibers) (to pulmonary plexus)

Question 39

Sympathetic innervation of the lungs controls what 3 main things?

Answer 39

* Bronchial muscle - (inhibitory) bronchodilation * Pulmonary vessels - (excitatory) vasoconstriction * Secretory glands - (inhibitory) less secretion

Question 40

Parasympathetic innervation of the lungs controls what main things?

Answer 40

motor = opposite from sympathetic sensory = - Bronchial mucosa - sensation for cough reflex - Bronchial muscles - stretch receptors - Interalveolar CT  Hering-Breuer reflex (limits respiratory excursion) - Pulmonary vessels - receptors for pulmonary BP and blood gas levels

Question 41

2 types of lymphatic drainage in the lungs

Answer 41

superficial + deep

Question 42

superficial lymph plexus drains

Answer 42

lung tissue and visceral pleura

Question 43

deep lymph plexus drains

Answer 43

roots of lungs

Question 44

The 2 lymph plexus's of the lung drain into the ____ which drains into the _____ and lastly into the ______

Answer 44

1. bronchopulmonary (Hilar) Lymphnode 2. Tracheobronchial lymph node 3. R side = lymphatic duct L side = thoracic duct

Question 45

The tracheobronchial lymph node is located at the

Answer 45

tracheal bifurcation (carina)

Question 46

pleura

Answer 46

CT component (lining) of lungs/thoracic cage

Question 47

Pleural cavity

Answer 47

potential space between two layers (visceral and parietal)

Question 48

Pleural cavity contains

Answer 48

very small amount of pleural fluid

Question 49

Visceral pleura

Answer 49

outermost lining of lungs, entirely surrounds lungs - reflects on itself to make Parietal

Question 50

Parietal pleura

Answer 50

innermost lining of thoracic wall (cage/mediastinum/diaphragm)

Question 51

Visceral pleura innervation

Answer 51

Innervation = all autonomic – sensory from Vagus nerve (unconscious)

Question 52

Parietal pleura costal surface blood supply is from

Answer 52

I/C

Question 53

Parietal pleura diaphragmatic surface is from

Answer 53

internal thoracic

Question 54

Number of blood supplies for visceral vs. parietal

Answer 54

visceral = 1 parietal = 2

Question 55

Visceral blood supply

Answer 55

bronchial plexus

Question 56

visceral venous drainage

Answer 56

pulmonary veins

Question 57

Parietal innervation

Answer 57

somatic (intercostal, phrenic)

Question 58

Parietal lymphatic drainage

Answer 58

mediastinal, parasternal, axillary

Question 59

Recess occurs when the lungs are

Answer 59

relaxed/"resting state" - not breathing in (breathing out)