Lungs Flashcards
1
Q
- Obstruction of upper fetal airway (CHAOS)
- Airways become dilated, lungs enlarge and fill with fluid; diaphragm flattened or inverted, fetal ascites and/ or hydrops
- Tx: dilation
A
Laryngeal atresia
2
Q
- Abnormal communication between trachea and esophagus 2/2 failure of foregut endoderm to proliferate quickly enough in relation to the rest of the embryo
- Associated with esophageal atresia and polyhydramnios
- Clinical features: excessive saliva or mucus accumulation in nose and mouth; gagging and cyanosis after swallowing milk; abdominal distension after crying; reflux of gastric contents into the lungs causing pneumonitis
- Dx: inability to pass a catheter into stomach and radiographs demonstrating air into infants stomach
A
Tracheoesophageal fistula
3
Q
Complete absence of UL lung or lobe and accompanying bronchi d/t failure of respiratory bud to split into R/L buds
A
Pulmonary agenesis
4
Q
- Insufficient amniotic fluid production (<500mL)
- Associated with renal agenesis or failure
Severe/ chronic conditions → pulmonary hypoplasia
- Restriction of fetal thorax 2/2 uterine pressure
- Decreased hydraulic pressure on the lungs affects stretch receptors
- Risk significantly increased with oligohydramnios <26 weeks
- Potters sequence (wide nasal bridge, limb hypoplasia, nasal flairing, renal failure)
A
Oligohydramnios
5
Q
- Rapid labored breathing shortly after birth 2/2 surfactant deficiency
- Type II alveolar cells incapable of producing surfactant
- Lungs are underinflated, alveoli contain fluid and resemble glassy membrane
- Clinical signs: tachypnea; nasal flaring; suprasternal, intercostal, or subcostal retractions, grunting; cyanosis
A
Respiratory distress syndrome
6
Q
- Fluid or air filled cysts thought to be formed by dilation of terminal bronchi
- Causes disturbance in bronchial development during late fetal life
- Clinical signs: wheezing, cyanosis, difficulty breathing
A
Congenital lung cysts
