1. Osteology, Arthrology, and Myology Flashcards
what are the boundaries and contents of the superior thoracic aperture?
content?
boundaries: T1, paired 1st ribs, superior manubrium
contents: trachea, esophagus, nerves and vesels that supply and drain head neck and UE
what are the boundaries and contents of the inferior thoracic aperture?
boundaries: T12, ribs 11 and 12, 7th-10th costal cartilages and xiphisternal joint
contents: esophagus, inferior vena cava, aorta
what 3 divisions make up the thoracic cavity?
- 2 pulmonary cavities (lateral) containing lungs and pleurae
- mediastinum (central) containing heart, thoracic great vessels, trachea, thoracic esophagus and thymus
4 landmarks of manubrium:
- ___: superior border of manubrium
- ___: junction of manubrium and body
- ___: articulate with sternal end of clavicle
- ___: 1st and half of 2nd
- suprasternal notch
- sternal angle
- clavicular notch
- costal notches
3 landmarks of sternum
- ___: junction of body and xiphoid process
- ___: half of 2nd, 3rd-6th, and half of 7th
- ___: anterior surface, between costal notches
- xiphoid/ sternal joint
- costal notches
- transverse ridges
landmark of xiphoid process
- ___: half of 7th
costal notch
ribs ___ are true (vertebrocostal) ribs, attaching from vertebral segments to the ___ via their own ___
- 1st - 7th
- sternum via their own costal cartilages
ribs ___ are false (vertebrochondral) ribs, attaching from vertebral segments to ___ immediately ___ to that segment
- 8th - 10th
- costal cartilage
- superior
___ are floating ribs
11 and 12
- do not attach to sternum at all
which ribs are atypical and which are typical
atypical: 1st, 2nd, 10th - 12th
typical: 3rd - 9th
head of a typical rib articulates with thoracic vertebrae
- superior articular facet: articulates with ___ on vertebral body of ___ segment
- inferior articular facet: articulates with ___ on vertebral body of ___ segment
- crest of the head: separates facets
- superior: inferior costal demifacet one segment above
- inferior: superior costal demifacet of same segment
same segment + hat
tubercle of a typical rib
- articular facet: articulates with ___ on thoracic vertebrae
- nonarticular facet: attachment point for ___
- articular: transverse costal facet
- nonarticular: lateral costotransverse L
body of a typical rib
- ___: houses intercostal nerve and vessels
- ___: anterolateral turning point of the rib
- costal groove
- costal angle
atypical rib: 1st (broad, flat, wide)
- head: ___
- ___ : insertion point for anterior scalene m.
- groove for the subclavian a: superior aspect, ___ to the groove for the a
- groove for the subclavian v: superior aspect, ___ to the groove for the a
- possesses only single facet (T1)
- scalene tubercle
- posterior
- anterior
atypical rib: 2nd (longer than 1st)
- tuberosity of ___
serratus anterior M
atypical rib: 10th
- head: ___
- possesses only single facet
atypical rib: 11th and 12th (short, does not attach to sternum)
- head: ___
- lacks ___
- possesses only single facet
- tubercle and neck
which ribs are most commonly fractured and where
middle ribs, just anterior to the costal angle (weakest part)
- can damage internal organs and produce severe pain with respiration, coughing, laughing, sneezing
where are supernumary ribs found and what problems can they cause
- cervical region: neural or circulatory problems based on proximity to brachial plexus and subclavian a
- lumbar region: confusion when interpreting imaging
costal cartilages connect ribs ___ to sternum, while ribs ___ articulate with cartilage ___ before articulating with sternum
- 1-7
- 8-10, superior
cartilaginous joints:
- ___: primary cartilaginous joint; characterized by ___ of hyaline cartilage between diaphysis and epiphysis of growing bone
- ___: secondary cartilaginous joint; characterized by ___ united by fibrocartilage
- synchondrosis; temporary cartilaginous unions
- symphysis; strong, slightly moveable joints
sternum:
- what type of joint is the manubriosternal joint
- what type of joint is the xiphisternal joint
- symphysis (sternal angle and 2nd costal notch)
- synchondrosis (inferior limit of thorax, 7th costal notch)
what type of joint is the 1st sternocostal joint? 2nd-7th?
what ligaments are associated with them?
- synchondrosis
- synovial planar
- anterior and posterior radiate sternocostal L
- **lecture says anterior for both, notes say anterior and posterior, book says radiate sternocostal
what type of joints are the costovertebral joint?
what ligaments are associated with them?
- synovial planar
- radiate L, intraarticular L, articular capsule
what does the radiate L attach? intraarticular?
- head of rib to vertebral body
- head of rib to intervertebral disc
the head of each rib articulates with the ___ costal facet of the superior thoracic segment and the ___ of the same numbered segment
the articulating facet of the costal tubercle articulates with the ___ segment
- inferior (one above)
- superior (same)
- same
what type of joint in the costotransverse joint?
what ligaments are associated with it?
- synovial planar
- lateral costotransverse L, superior costotransverse L
what does the lateral costotransverse L attach to?
superior costotransverse?
- tubercle of rib to TP of same level
- neck of rib to TP one segment superiorly
what two forms of movement occur at the costovertebral joint?
what is the result of these movements?
- bucket handle: elevates lateral most portion of tib, increases transverse diameter of thorax
- pump handle: elevates sternal end of rib, increases anterior to posterior diameter of thorax
how do bucket handle and pump handle movements of the costovertebral joints produce inspiration
increases thoracic volume causing decreased thoracic pressure
what type of joint is the costochondral joint?
synchondrosis
___ occurs at sternocostal joints, ___ occurs at costochondral joints
- dislocation
- separation
what type of joints are interchondral joints?
what ligament is associated with them?
- planar synovial (between 6/7, 7/8, 8/9)
- fibrous (9/10)
what type of joints are the intervertebral joints?
zygapophyseal joints?
- symphysis
- planar synovial
which ligament travels on the anterior surface of the vertebral bodies?
posterior surface, inside vertebral canal?
- anterior longitudinal L
- posterior longitudinal L
which ligament is made of pale yellow fibers, traveling on the ventral surface fo vertebral laminar inside the vertebral canal?
ligamentum flavum
which ligament travels between adjacent spinous processes?
interspinous
which ligament exists as fibrous cords in the thoracic region?
intertransverse L
which ligament travels on the dorsal surface of the spinous processes?
supraspinous L
which part of the intervertebral disc in the tough fibrous outer region?
soft gelatinous inner portion?
- annulus fibrosis
- nucleus pulposus
intercostal m: 3
- external intercostal
- internal intercostal
- innermost intercostal
11 pairs of each
intercostal m: external intercostal m
- anteriorly muscle fibers are replaced anteriorly by ___
- inferiorly is continuous with ___
- external intercostal membrane
- external abdominal oblique m
intercostal m: external intercostal m
- origin:
- insertion:
- action:
- nerve:
- inferior posterior border of ribs
- superior anterior border of rib below
- elevates ribs
- intercostal n
intercostal m: internal intercostal m
- posteriorly muscle fibers are replaced by ___, which is visible in the posterior mediastinum immediately lateral to the vertebral column
- inferiorly is continious with the ___
- internal intercostal membrane
- internal abdominal oblique m
intercostal m: internal intercostal m
- origin:
- insertion:
- action:
- nerve:
- inferior anterior border of ribs
- superior posterior border of ribs below
- depresses ribs (interchondral part elevates)
- intercostal n
intercostal m: innermost intercostal m
- separated from the internal intercostal m by ___
intercostal nerve and vessels
intercostal m: internal intercostal m
- origin:
- insertion:
- action:
- nerve:
- inferior border of ribs
- superior border of rib below
- not clear, probably same as internal intercostal
- intercostal n
thoracentesis:
- insertion of hypodermic needle through intercostal musculature between ribs to ___ or ___
- needle inserted ___
- obtain a fluid sample or drain small amounts of blood or fluid from pleural cavity
- between ribs (inferior to intercostal NV bundle but superior to collateral branches)
chest tube:
- insertion of a tube to ___
- inserted in ___
- remove large amounts of air, fluid, blood, or pus from pleural cavity
- 5th or 6th intercostal space
thoroscopy:
- insertion of a thoroscope into pleural cavity through small incisions for ___
visualizing and biopsying the space in the pleural cavity
internal thoracic wall m: 2
- transverse thoracic m
- subcostal m
internal thoracic wall m: transverse thoracic m
- origin:
- insertion:
- action:
- nerve:
- posterior surface of lower part of sternal body and xiphoid process
- internal surface of 2nd-6th costal cartilages
- depresses ribs
- intercostal n
internal thoracic wall m: subcostal m
- origin:
- insertion:
- action:
- nerve:
- inferior border of rib
- superior border of rib (more than one rib segment above, one segment above is innermost)
- probably same as internal intercostal m
- intercostal n
which muscles typically appear over the innermost intercostal m on the internal surface of the posterior thoracic wall near the angles of the ribs
subcostal m
