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COM CPR E1 > 1. Osteology, Arthrology, and Myology > Flashcards

1. Osteology, Arthrology, and Myology Flashcards

1
Q

what are the boundaries and contents of the superior thoracic aperture?

content?

A

boundaries: T1, paired 1st ribs, superior manubrium
contents: trachea, esophagus, nerves and vesels that supply and drain head neck and UE

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2
Q

what are the boundaries and contents of the inferior thoracic aperture?

A

boundaries: T12, ribs 11 and 12, 7th-10th costal cartilages and xiphisternal joint
contents: esophagus, inferior vena cava, aorta

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3
Q

what 3 divisions make up the thoracic cavity?

A
  • 2 pulmonary cavities (lateral) containing lungs and pleurae
  • mediastinum (central) containing heart, thoracic great vessels, trachea, thoracic esophagus and thymus
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4
Q

4 landmarks of manubrium:

  • ___: superior border of manubrium
  • ___: junction of manubrium and body
  • ___: articulate with sternal end of clavicle
  • ___: 1st and half of 2nd
A
  • suprasternal notch
  • sternal angle
  • clavicular notch
  • costal notches
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5
Q

3 landmarks of sternum

  • ___: junction of body and xiphoid process
  • ___: half of 2nd, 3rd-6th, and half of 7th
  • ___: anterior surface, between costal notches
A
  • xiphoid/ sternal joint
  • costal notches
  • transverse ridges
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6
Q

landmark of xiphoid process

- ___: half of 7th

A

costal notch

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7
Q

ribs ___ are true (vertebrocostal) ribs, attaching from vertebral segments to the ___ via their own ___

A
  • 1st - 7th

- sternum via their own costal cartilages

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8
Q

ribs ___ are false (vertebrochondral) ribs, attaching from vertebral segments to ___ immediately ___ to that segment

A
  • 8th - 10th
  • costal cartilage
  • superior
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9
Q

___ are floating ribs

A

11 and 12

  • do not attach to sternum at all
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10
Q

which ribs are atypical and which are typical

A

atypical: 1st, 2nd, 10th - 12th
typical: 3rd - 9th

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11
Q

head of a typical rib articulates with thoracic vertebrae

  • superior articular facet: articulates with ___ on vertebral body of ___ segment
  • inferior articular facet: articulates with ___ on vertebral body of ___ segment
  • crest of the head: separates facets
A
  • superior: inferior costal demifacet one segment above
  • inferior: superior costal demifacet of same segment

same segment + hat

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12
Q

tubercle of a typical rib

  • articular facet: articulates with ___ on thoracic vertebrae
  • nonarticular facet: attachment point for ___
A
  • articular: transverse costal facet

- nonarticular: lateral costotransverse L

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13
Q

body of a typical rib

  • ___: houses intercostal nerve and vessels
  • ___: anterolateral turning point of the rib
A
  • costal groove

- costal angle

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14
Q

atypical rib: 1st (broad, flat, wide)

  • head: ___
  • ___ : insertion point for anterior scalene m.
  • groove for the subclavian a: superior aspect, ___ to the groove for the a
  • groove for the subclavian v: superior aspect, ___ to the groove for the a
A
  • possesses only single facet (T1)
  • scalene tubercle
  • posterior
  • anterior
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15
Q

atypical rib: 2nd (longer than 1st)

- tuberosity of ___

A

serratus anterior M

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16
Q

atypical rib: 10th

- head: ___

A
  • possesses only single facet
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17
Q

atypical rib: 11th and 12th (short, does not attach to sternum)

  • head: ___
  • lacks ___
A
  • possesses only single facet

- tubercle and neck

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18
Q

which ribs are most commonly fractured and where

A

middle ribs, just anterior to the costal angle (weakest part)

  • can damage internal organs and produce severe pain with respiration, coughing, laughing, sneezing
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19
Q

where are supernumary ribs found and what problems can they cause

A
  • cervical region: neural or circulatory problems based on proximity to brachial plexus and subclavian a
  • lumbar region: confusion when interpreting imaging
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20
Q

costal cartilages connect ribs ___ to sternum, while ribs ___ articulate with cartilage ___ before articulating with sternum

A
  • 1-7

- 8-10, superior

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21
Q

cartilaginous joints:

  • ___: primary cartilaginous joint; characterized by ___ of hyaline cartilage between diaphysis and epiphysis of growing bone
  • ___: secondary cartilaginous joint; characterized by ___ united by fibrocartilage
A
  • synchondrosis; temporary cartilaginous unions

- symphysis; strong, slightly moveable joints

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22
Q

sternum:
- what type of joint is the manubriosternal joint
- what type of joint is the xiphisternal joint

A
  • symphysis (sternal angle and 2nd costal notch)

- synchondrosis (inferior limit of thorax, 7th costal notch)

23
Q

what type of joint is the 1st sternocostal joint? 2nd-7th?

what ligaments are associated with them?

A
  • synchondrosis
  • synovial planar
  • anterior and posterior radiate sternocostal L
  • **lecture says anterior for both, notes say anterior and posterior, book says radiate sternocostal
24
Q

what type of joints are the costovertebral joint?

what ligaments are associated with them?

A
  • synovial planar

- radiate L, intraarticular L, articular capsule

25
Q

what does the radiate L attach? intraarticular?

A
  • head of rib to vertebral body

- head of rib to intervertebral disc

26
Q

the head of each rib articulates with the ___ costal facet of the superior thoracic segment and the ___ of the same numbered segment

the articulating facet of the costal tubercle articulates with the ___ segment

A
  • inferior (one above)
  • superior (same)
  • same
27
Q

what type of joint in the costotransverse joint?

what ligaments are associated with it?

A
  • synovial planar

- lateral costotransverse L, superior costotransverse L

28
Q

what does the lateral costotransverse L attach to?

superior costotransverse?

A
  • tubercle of rib to TP of same level

- neck of rib to TP one segment superiorly

29
Q

what two forms of movement occur at the costovertebral joint?

what is the result of these movements?

A
  • bucket handle: elevates lateral most portion of tib, increases transverse diameter of thorax
  • pump handle: elevates sternal end of rib, increases anterior to posterior diameter of thorax
30
Q

how do bucket handle and pump handle movements of the costovertebral joints produce inspiration

A

increases thoracic volume causing decreased thoracic pressure

31
Q

what type of joint is the costochondral joint?

A

synchondrosis

32
Q

___ occurs at sternocostal joints, ___ occurs at costochondral joints

A
  • dislocation

- separation

33
Q

what type of joints are interchondral joints?

what ligament is associated with them?

A
  • planar synovial (between 6/7, 7/8, 8/9)

- fibrous (9/10)

34
Q

what type of joints are the intervertebral joints?

zygapophyseal joints?

A
  • symphysis

- planar synovial

35
Q

which ligament travels on the anterior surface of the vertebral bodies?

posterior surface, inside vertebral canal?

A
  • anterior longitudinal L

- posterior longitudinal L

36
Q

which ligament is made of pale yellow fibers, traveling on the ventral surface fo vertebral laminar inside the vertebral canal?

A

ligamentum flavum

37
Q

which ligament travels between adjacent spinous processes?

A

interspinous

38
Q

which ligament exists as fibrous cords in the thoracic region?

A

intertransverse L

39
Q

which ligament travels on the dorsal surface of the spinous processes?

A

supraspinous L

40
Q

which part of the intervertebral disc in the tough fibrous outer region?

soft gelatinous inner portion?

A
  • annulus fibrosis

- nucleus pulposus

41
Q

intercostal m: 3

A
  • external intercostal
  • internal intercostal
  • innermost intercostal

11 pairs of each

42
Q

intercostal m: external intercostal m

  • anteriorly muscle fibers are replaced anteriorly by ___
  • inferiorly is continuous with ___
A
  • external intercostal membrane

- external abdominal oblique m

43
Q

intercostal m: external intercostal m

  • origin:
  • insertion:
  • action:
  • nerve:
A
  • inferior posterior border of ribs
  • superior anterior border of rib below
  • elevates ribs
  • intercostal n
44
Q

intercostal m: internal intercostal m

  • posteriorly muscle fibers are replaced by ___, which is visible in the posterior mediastinum immediately lateral to the vertebral column
  • inferiorly is continious with the ___
A
  • internal intercostal membrane

- internal abdominal oblique m

45
Q

intercostal m: internal intercostal m

  • origin:
  • insertion:
  • action:
  • nerve:
A
  • inferior anterior border of ribs
  • superior posterior border of ribs below
  • depresses ribs (interchondral part elevates)
  • intercostal n
46
Q

intercostal m: innermost intercostal m

- separated from the internal intercostal m by ___

A

intercostal nerve and vessels

47
Q

intercostal m: internal intercostal m

  • origin:
  • insertion:
  • action:
  • nerve:
A
  • inferior border of ribs
  • superior border of rib below
  • not clear, probably same as internal intercostal
  • intercostal n
48
Q

thoracentesis:

  • insertion of hypodermic needle through intercostal musculature between ribs to ___ or ___
  • needle inserted ___
A
  • obtain a fluid sample or drain small amounts of blood or fluid from pleural cavity
  • between ribs (inferior to intercostal NV bundle but superior to collateral branches)
49
Q

chest tube:

  • insertion of a tube to ___
  • inserted in ___
A
  • remove large amounts of air, fluid, blood, or pus from pleural cavity
  • 5th or 6th intercostal space
50
Q

thoroscopy:

- insertion of a thoroscope into pleural cavity through small incisions for ___

A

visualizing and biopsying the space in the pleural cavity

51
Q

internal thoracic wall m: 2

A
  • transverse thoracic m

- subcostal m

52
Q

internal thoracic wall m: transverse thoracic m

  • origin:
  • insertion:
  • action:
  • nerve:
A
  • posterior surface of lower part of sternal body and xiphoid process
  • internal surface of 2nd-6th costal cartilages
  • depresses ribs
  • intercostal n
53
Q

internal thoracic wall m: subcostal m

  • origin:
  • insertion:
  • action:
  • nerve:
A
  • inferior border of rib
  • superior border of rib (more than one rib segment above, one segment above is innermost)
  • probably same as internal intercostal m
  • intercostal n
54
Q

which muscles typically appear over the innermost intercostal m on the internal surface of the posterior thoracic wall near the angles of the ribs

A

subcostal m

COM CPR E1 (20 decks)

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