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COM CPR E1 > 12. Autonomics > Flashcards

12. Autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

sympathetic vs parasympathetic:

where do they leave the CNS

A

s: thoracolumbar regions
ps: cranial and sacral regions

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2
Q

sympathetic vs parasympathetic:

where do they synapse on postganglion fibers

A

s: sympathetic chain ganglia
ps: ganglia on or near target organ

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3
Q

sympathetic vs parasympathetic:

preganglionic fibers release what NT onto what receptors

A

both Ach to nicotinic receptors

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4
Q

sympathetic vs parasympathetic:

postganglionic fibers release what NT onto what receptors

A

s: NE onto alpha or beta adrenergic receptors
ps: Ach onto muscarinic cholinergic receptors

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5
Q

preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic system that do not synapse at the sympathetic trunk do what

A
  • → chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla
  • release ACH onto nicotinic receptors
  • influx of Na causes release of NE
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6
Q

where are alpha 1 receptors found and what does their activation cause?

alpha 2?

A

Alpha 1: smooth muscle, causes contraction

Alpha 2: vascular smooth muscle, causes vasodilation

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7
Q

where are beta 1 receptors found and what does their activation cause?

beta 2?

A

Beta 1: on cardiac myocytes

Beta 2: smooth muscle, cause relaxation

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8
Q

what does activation of M1 ,M3, and M5 receptors cause?

M2, M4?

A

M1, M3, M5: IP3/DAG production and release of intracellular Ca

M2, M4: Gi proteins that lead to reduction in cAMP

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9
Q

parasympathetic stimulation: SA node

  • innervation via:
  • receptors:
  • effect:
A
  • vagus
  • muscarinic
  • decreases rate of depolarization of pacemaker potential → slows HR
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10
Q

sympathetic stimulation: SA node

  • innervation via:
  • receptors:
  • effect:
A
  • T1-5
  • beta 1
  • increases rate of depolarization of pacemaker potential → increases HR
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11
Q

parasympathetic stimulation: AV Node and Ventricular Conducting Pathways (Bundle of His, Purkinjes)

  • innervation via:
  • receptors:
  • effect:
A
  • vagus
  • muscarinic
  • decreases slope of pacemaker potential; decreases depolarization rate during phase 0 of slow AP → decreased conduction velocity through AV node and ventricles
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12
Q

sympathetic stimulation: AV Node and Ventricular Conducting Pathways (Bundle of His, Purkinjes)

  • innervation via:
  • receptors:
  • effect:
A
  • T1-5
  • beta 1
  • increases rate of depolarization during phase 0 and pacemaker potential
    → increased conduction velocity through AV node; increased ventricular rate if AV node is pacemaker
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13
Q

parasympathetic stimulation: Cardiac Myocytes

  • innervation via:
  • receptors:
  • effect:
A
  • vagus (atria), debated for ventricles
  • muscarinic
  • decreased Ca entry into myocyte
    → decrease in atrial contractility, possible decrease in ventricular
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14
Q

sympathetic stimulation: Cardiac Myocytes

  • innervation via:
  • receptors:
  • effect:
A
  • T1-5
  • beta 1, beta 2 sometimes
  • increases Ca conduction into myocytes
    → increase in contractility (muscle pumps stronger)
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15
Q

sympathetic stimulation: Cerebral Vasculature

  • innervation via:
  • receptors:
  • effect:
A
  • local control (neuronal activity produces metabolites that vasodilate the local blood vessels in proportion to the metabolic need)
  • alpha 1
  • vasoconstriction

***only when systemic blood pressure becomes high enough that it might damage the cerebral capillaries; small arteries constrict to protect capillaries

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16
Q

parasympathetic stimulation: Coronary Arteries

  • innervation via:
  • receptors:
  • effect:
A
  • vagus
  • muscarinic
  • vasodilation
17
Q

sympathetic stimulation: Coronary Arteries

  • innervation via:
  • receptors:
  • effect:
A
  • T1-T5
  • alpha 1
  • vasoconstriction
18
Q

sympathetic stimulation: Cutaneous Vasculature

  • innervation via:
  • receptors:
  • effect:
A
  • multiple sources
  • alpha 1
  • vasoconstriction

***except sweat glands, muscarinic receptors causing vasodilation

19
Q

parasympathetic stimulation: Skeletal Muscle Vasculature

  • innervation via:
  • receptors:
  • effect:
A
  • vagus
  • muscarinic
  • vasodilation
20
Q

sympathetic stimulation: Skeletal Muscle Vasculature

  • innervation via:
  • receptors: alpha 1 vs beta 2
  • effect:
A
  • multiple
  • alpha 1: vasoconstriction
  • beta 2: vasodilation
21
Q

sympathetic stimulation: Splanchnic Vessels

  • innervation via:
  • receptors:
  • effect:
A
  • T5-L2 (celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric ganglion)
  • alpha 1
  • vasoconstriction

***vasodilation occurs when sympathetic input stops

22
Q

sympathetic stimulation: Veins

  • innervation via:
  • receptors: alpha 1 vs alpha2/ beta2
  • effect:
A
  • alpha 1: contraction → increases blood return to heart
  • alpha 2/ beta 2: relaxation → slowing blood return to heart
23
Q

parasympathetic stimulation: Pulmonary Vasculature

  • innervation via:
  • receptors:
  • effect:
A
  • vagus
  • muscarinic
  • vasodilation (via NO production and release)
24
Q

sympathetic stimulation: Pulmonary Vasculature

  • innervation via:
  • receptors: alpha 1 vs beta 1/2
  • effect:
A
  • first five thoracic ganglia
  • alpha 1: vasoconstiction of large vessels
  • beta 1/2: vasodilation of large vessels
25
Q

parasympathetic stimulation: Upper Airways

  • innervation via:
  • receptors:
  • effect:
A
  • PS branches of trigeminal and sphenopalatine ganglion
  • muscarinic
  • vasodilation and increased mucus secretion
26
Q

sympathetic stimulation: Upper Airways

  • innervation via:
  • receptors:
  • effect:
A
  • superior cervical ganglia (CN7)
  • alpha 1
  • vasoconstriction and reduced mucus secretion
27
Q

parasympathetic stimulation: Lower Airways

  • innervation via:
  • receptors:
  • effect:
A
  • vagus
  • muscarinic
  • bronchoconstriction and increased mucus synthesis/ secretion
28
Q

sympathetic stimulation: Lower Airways

  • innervation via:
  • receptors:
  • effect:
A
  • T1-T5
  • beta 2
  • bronchodilation
29
Q

sympathetic stimulation: Renal Vasculature

  • receptors:
  • effect:
A
  • alpha
  • vasoconstriction of renal artery and all arteries in kidney, afferent and efferent arteriole
    → decreased blood flow into kidney, decreased urine production, preservation of BP
30
Q

sympathetic stimulation: Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

  • innervation via:
  • receptors:
A
  • beta 1 (granule cells of afferent arteriole)
  • increased release of renin → increased production of ANG → ANG2 → aldosterone → reabsorption of Na; release of ADH → water reabsorption → increase blood volume
31
Q

alpha 1 receptors are found where (5) and cause what

A
  • cerebral, cutaneous, skeletal m, pulmonary vasculature
  • coronary a
  • splanchnic vessels
  • veins
  • upper airways

CONSTRICTION

32
Q

alpha 2 receptors are found where and cause what

A

veins

DILATION

33
Q

beta 1 receptors are found where (5) and cause what

A
  • SA node (increase HR)
  • AV node (increase conduction)
  • cardiac myocytes (increase contractility via Ca)
  • pulmonary vasculature (dilation)
  • juxtaglomerular apparatus (increase blood volume via renin release)

overall increases

34
Q

beta 2 receptors are found where and do what

A
  • cardiac myocytes (increase contractility via Ca)
  • skeletal m vasculature (dilation)
  • veins (relaxation, decreased venous return)
  • pulmonary vasculature (dilation)
  • lower airways- dilation

mostly dilation

COM CPR E1 (20 decks)

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