Lungs Flashcards
What are the unique features of the right lung?
- Middle lobe
- Horizontal fissure
- Superior lobar bronchus
What are the unique features of the left lung?
- Cardiac notch
- Cardiac impression
- Aortic impression
- Lingula
What is the hilium?
Area on the medial surface of the lung which structures enter and leave the lung.
What is the root of the lung?
Structures that enter and leave the lung at the hilium are collectively known as the root of the lung
What structures make up the root of the lung?
- Bronchus
- Pulmonary artery and vein
- Bronchial artery and vein
What lung is wider and shorter and why?
The right lung due to the liver
What lung features would you look at to side a lung?
Right lung - 3 lobes, 2 fissures, shorter and broader
Left lung - 2 lobes, 1 fissure, cardiac notch, lingula
What is a bronchopulmonary segment?
A portion of lung supplied by a specific segmental bronchus and its vessels
How many bronchopulmonary segments are there?
10 on each lung
What provides blood supply to the lungs?
The lungs are supplied with deoxygenated blood by the paired pulmonary arteries. Once the blood has received oxygenation, it leaves the lungs via four pulmonary veins (two for each lung).
How does blood leave the lungs?
Once the blood has received oxygenation, it leaves the lungs via four pulmonary veins (two for each lung).
What provides venous drainage to the lungs?
The bronchial veins provide venous drainage.
The right bronchial vein drains into the azygos vein, whilst the left drains into the accessory hemiazygos vein.
What provides innervation for the lung?
The nerves of the lungs are derived from the pulmonary plexuses. They feature sympathetic, parasympathetic and visceral afferent fibres:
Parasympathetic – derived from the vagus nerve. They stimulate secretion from the bronchial glands, contraction of the bronchial smooth muscle, and vasodilation of the pulmonary vessels.
Sympathetic – derived from the sympathetic trunks. They stimulate relaxation of the bronchial smooth muscle, and vasoconstriction of the pulmonary vessels.
What provides lymphatic drainage to the lungs?
Subpleural plexus.
Superior tracheobronchial nodes drain lymphatic fluid from the upper lobes.
