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142 . Human Cardiorespiratory System > Lungs > Flashcards

Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

Central compartment of the thoracic cavity located between the two plural sacs, it contains most of the thoracic organs and acts as a conduit

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2
Q

List some structures which are present inside, or run through the mediastinum:

A

Heart, Thymus, Trachea, Oesophagus…

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3
Q

What is the pleura?

A

A serous (secreting) membrane which covers the external surface of the lung and lines the thoracic cavity.

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4
Q

What is the visceral pleura?

A

A thin, slippery membrane that covers the surface of the lungs

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5
Q

What is the parietal pleura?

A

The outer membrane that lines the inner chest wall and diaphragm

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6
Q

What is the difference between the two pleura layers?

A

Visceral is more inner than the parietal

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7
Q

What is the pleural cavity?

A

The space between the visceral and parietal pleura

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8
Q

What is the function of the pleural cavity?

A

The space is filled with fluid so the two pleura can slip over each other during breathing which reduces friction

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9
Q

Where is the hilum of the lung?

A

Where the bronchus enter the lungs

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10
Q

Explain the bronchopulmonary segments:

A 
Trachea
Right and left bronchi
Lobar bronchi
Tertiary bronchi
Bronchioles
Terminal bronchiole
Respiratory bronchiole
Acinus
Alveoli
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11
Q

What is the function of lobar bronchi?

A

Supply air to each lobe of the lung

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12
Q

What is the function of tertiary bronchi?

A

Supply air to specific segments of the lung

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13
Q

What structure helps the trachea to stay open?

A

C-Shaped cartilage rings

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14
Q

What structure surrounds the right and left bronchi?

A

C-Shaped cartilage and Smooth muscle

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15
Q

What structure surrounds the bronchioles?

A

Smooth muscle

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16
Q

What is the importance of smooth muscle in the bronchioles?

A

Helps control airflow as the muscle can contract

17
Q

What structures are present within the acinus?

A 
Smooth muscle
Alveoli
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Mucous gland
18
Q

What are conducting zones?

A

Tubes proximal to the respiratory bronchioles which transfer air by bulk flow

19
Q

What are respiratory zones?

A

Tubes distal to the respiratory bronchioles which are involved in gas exchange

20
Q

Why is air in the conducting zones referred to as anatomical dead space?

A

The air in this space is not being involved in gaseous exchange

142 . Human Cardiorespiratory System (8 decks)

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