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BIOS4001 - Respiratory System > Lung Volumes and Lung Function > Flashcards

Lung Volumes and Lung Function Flashcards

1
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

Volume of air inspired during normal quiet breathing

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2
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) ?

A

Extra air that can be inspired after normal tidal inspiration

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3
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume (ERV)?

A

Extra air that can be expelled ‘actively’ after ‘passive’ expiration

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4
Q

What is residual volume (RV) ?

A

Amount of air left in lungs which cannot be expelled

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5
Q

What is functional residual capacity (FRC)?

A

Lung volume at end of normal quiet expiration (ERV+RV)

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6
Q

What is inspiratory capacity (IC)?

A

From end of normal quiet expiration to maximal inspiration (TV+IRV)

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7
Q

What is vital capacity (VC)?

A

From maximal inspiration to maximal expiration (IRV+TV+ERV)

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8
Q

What is total lung capacity (TLC)?

A

From maximal inspiration to residual volume (IRV+VT+ERV+RV)

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9
Q

What is the gas dilution method used for in lung volume and capacity measurement?

A

The gas dilution method is used for measuring RV (Residual Volume) or FRC (Functional Residual Capacity)

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10
Q

Why can’t RV or FRC be measured by simple spirometry?

A

Because they are the volumes of gas remaining in the lungs after a full exhalation, which cannot be measured by simply exhaling into a spirometer.

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11
Q

What gas is usually used in the gas dilution method for measuring RV or FRC?

A

Helium

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12
Q

What is calculated once you have RV or FRC?

A

TLC

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13
Q

Q: What is another method used for measuring lung volumes and capacities?

A

Body plethysmography

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14
Q

Q: What is another method used for measuring lung volumes and capacities?

A

Body plethysmography

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15
Q

What are dynamic volumes/capacities in respiratory measurements?

A

Dynamic volumes/capacities are time-based measurements in respiratory measurements
- FEV1 and FVC

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16
Q

What is FEV1 in respiratory measurements?

A

FEV1 is the forced expiratory volume in 1 second in respiratory measurements.

17
Q

What is FVC in respiratory measurements?

A

forced vital capacity

18
Q

What is the diagnostic value of FEV1/FVC ratio in respiratory measurements?

A
  • FEV1/FVC > 80% (normal)
  • FEV1/FVC > 90% (‘Restrictive’ disease)
  • FEV1/FVC = 40% (‘Obstructive’ disease)
19
Q

What is the significance of measuring flow-volume loops in respiratory function testing?

A

Flow-volume loops provide information about the volume of air that can be expelled during different stages of breathing.
- help diagnose obstructive and restrictive lung diseases based on the shape of the curve and the FEV1/FVC ratio.

20
Q

What is the characteristic flow-volume loop pattern of obstructive lung disease?

A
  • a reduced peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR)
  • concave curve on the flow-volume loop
  • FEV1/FVC ratio < 70%
21
Q

What is the characteristic flow-volume loop pattern of severe obstructive lung disease?

A
  • “steeple” pattern on the flow-volume loop, indicates a marked reduction in expiratory flow rates
  • FEV1/FVC ratio is very low
22
Q

What is the characteristic flow-volume loop pattern of restrictive lung disease?

A
  • normal-shaped flow-volume loop with reduced lung volumes
  • FEV1/FVC ratio is typically normal or high
23
Q

What is Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR)?

A

A measure of how fast air can be expelled from the lungs during a forced exhalation

24
Q

How is PEFR measured?

A

Using a peak flow meter, which is a handheld device that measures the maximum speed of air that can be exhaled forcefully after taking a deep breath.

25
Q

What is the significance of measuring PEFR?

A

Often used as a screening tool for asthma and other respiratory disorders. It can also be used to monitor the severity of respiratory symptoms and the effectiveness of treatment.

26
Q

What factors affect lung volume?

A

Body size
Age
Gender
Muscle training
Disease

BIOS4001 - Respiratory System (5 decks)

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