Anatomy and Organisation Flashcards
What is the anatomical division?
- upper respiratory system
- lower respiratory system
What is the main purpose of the upper respiratory system?
- humidification
- particle filtration
- warms air inhaled
- cools air exhaled
How many lobes are in the left and right lungs?
- left = 2 lobes
- right = 3 lobes
What are nasal conchae?
Narrow grooves that warm and humidify air as it passes to the lungs.
What are the 3 nasal conchae?
- superior
- middle
- inferior
What does the paranasal sinus do?
- produces mucus & tears through nasolacrimal ducts
- to keep nasal cavity clean & moist
What does the nasal cavity do?
Responsible for smell - olfactory area
What do the Pharynx do?
Carries air, food and fluid from nose & mouth to the throat
What are the 3 pharynx?
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- larygopharynx
What is the larynx?
- hollow tube
- lets air pass from your throat (pharynx) to your trachea on the way to your lungs
What is the mucosa?
Inner lining of the trachea
What are the main structures of the tracheobronchial tree?
- primary bronchi
- secondary (lobar) bronchi
- tertiary (segmental) bronchi
- bronchioles
- terminal bronchioles
- pulmonary lobules
- respiratory bronchioles
- alveolar ducts
What does the capillary network surrounding the alveolar lobules provide?
Large surface area for gas diffusion
What do the elastic fibres surrounding the alveolar lobules do?
- maintain position of lungs
- enable recoil to push air out during expiration
What are the 2 types of alveolar cells?
- type I: alveolar squamous epithelium
- type II: septal cell
How does the oxygenated blood supply go from the lungs to the heart?
To conducting portions of respiratory tract into the pulmonary vein via inputs from:
- external carotid
- thyrocervical & bronchial arteries
Where does the deoxygenated blood supply go to get to the lungs?
To respiratory exchange surfaces from the pulmonary artery
What layers surround the lungs?
- thoracic wall
- parietal pleura
- pleural cavity
- visceral pleura
What parts of the respiratory system are involved in respiratory defence?
- nasal cavity
- mucous glands
- mucociliary escalator
- alveolar macrophages
How is the nasal cavity a respiratory defence?
Filtration in nasal cavity
- removes large particles
How are mucous glands a respiratory defence?
Produce mucus that bathes exposed surfaces
How is the mucociliary escalator a respiratory defence?
Cilia sweep debris trapped in mucus towards the pharynx
How are alveolar macrophages a respiratory defence?
Engulf small particles that reach the lungs
What are the 2 layers in the mucociliary escalator?
- epithelial cells
- lamina propia - loose connective tissue containing mucous glands
