Anatomy and Organisation

Question 1

What is the anatomical division?

Answer 1

• upper respiratory system
• lower respiratory system

Question 2

What is the main purpose of the upper respiratory system?

Answer 2

• humidification
• particle filtration
• warms air inhaled
• cools air exhaled

Question 3

How many lobes are in the left and right lungs?

Answer 3

• left = 2 lobes
• right = 3 lobes

Question 4

What are nasal conchae?

Answer 4

Narrow grooves that warm and humidify air as it passes to the lungs.

Question 5

What are the 3 nasal conchae?

Answer 5

• superior
• middle
• inferior

Question 6

What does the paranasal sinus do?

Answer 6

• produces mucus & tears through nasolacrimal ducts
• to keep nasal cavity clean & moist

Question 7

What does the nasal cavity do?

Answer 7

Responsible for smell - olfactory area

Question 8

What do the Pharynx do?

Answer 8

Carries air, food and fluid from nose & mouth to the throat

Question 9

What are the 3 pharynx?

Answer 9

• nasopharynx
• oropharynx
• larygopharynx

Question 10

What is the larynx?

Answer 10

• hollow tube
• lets air pass from your throat (pharynx) to your trachea on the way to your lungs

Question 11

What is the mucosa?

Answer 11

Inner lining of the trachea

Question 12

What are the main structures of the tracheobronchial tree?

Answer 12

• primary bronchi
• secondary (lobar) bronchi
• tertiary (segmental) bronchi
• bronchioles
• terminal bronchioles
• pulmonary lobules
• respiratory bronchioles
• alveolar ducts

Question 13

What does the capillary network surrounding the alveolar lobules provide?

Answer 13

Large surface area for gas diffusion

Question 14

What do the elastic fibres surrounding the alveolar lobules do?

Answer 14

• maintain position of lungs
• enable recoil to push air out during expiration

Question 15

What are the 2 types of alveolar cells?

Answer 15

• type I: alveolar squamous epithelium
• type II: septal cell

Question 16

How does the oxygenated blood supply go from the lungs to the heart?

Answer 16

To conducting portions of respiratory tract into the pulmonary vein via inputs from:
- external carotid
- thyrocervical & bronchial arteries

Question 17

Where does the deoxygenated blood supply go to get to the lungs?

Answer 17

To respiratory exchange surfaces from the pulmonary artery

Question 18

What layers surround the lungs?

Answer 18

• thoracic wall
• parietal pleura
• pleural cavity
• visceral pleura

Question 19

What parts of the respiratory system are involved in respiratory defence?

Answer 19

• nasal cavity
• mucous glands
• mucociliary escalator
• alveolar macrophages

Question 20

How is the nasal cavity a respiratory defence?

Answer 20

Filtration in nasal cavity
- removes large particles

Question 21

How are mucous glands a respiratory defence?

Answer 21

Produce mucus that bathes exposed surfaces

Question 22

How is the mucociliary escalator a respiratory defence?

Answer 22

Cilia sweep debris trapped in mucus towards the pharynx

Question 23

How are alveolar macrophages a respiratory defence?

Answer 23

Engulf small particles that reach the lungs

Question 24

What are the 2 layers in the mucociliary escalator?

Answer 24

• epithelial cells
• lamina propia - loose connective tissue containing mucous glands