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Pulmonary > Lung Volumes > Flashcards

Lung Volumes Flashcards

1
Q

as we age ( ) goes up and ( ) goes down and ( ) doesn’t change

A

RV goes up
IRV goes down
tidal volume

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2
Q

Increased PaCO2 in asthma is a sign of

A

respiratory failure, possible intubation

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3
Q

Increased PaCO2 in COPD/bronchiectasis is a sign of

A

advanced disease

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4
Q

alveolar disorders of pus leads to
water
blood

A

pneumonia
CHF
hemoptysis

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5
Q

CHF presenting complaint

A

pink frothy sputum, bilateral coarse crackles (basal crepitations), CXR/ECHO
treat with beta blockers, ace inh, diuretics

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6
Q

Pneumonia presenting complaint

A

rust colored sputum, unilateral, CXR

treat with abx

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7
Q

Hemoptysis presenting comlpaint

A

fresh blood, typically unilateral, CXR, CT, bronchoscopy

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8
Q

what vessel supplies the lung itself?

A

bronchiole artery, generally source of hemoptysis….do a CT scan an bronchoscopy if CT neg

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9
Q

MCC of hemoptysis

A
  • cancer
  • bronchiectasis
  • arteriovenous malformation
  • TB in rest of world
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10
Q

MGMT of hemoptysis

A
  • maintain airway
  • localize source of bleed
  • control hemorrhage
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11
Q

common interstitial diseases

A
  • PE (CT angiogram)
  • PHTN (echo, right heart cath)
  • fibrosis (high res CT or biopsy)
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12
Q

how to treat interstitial diseases?

A

steroids

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13
Q

Pleural effusion presenting complaints

A

dull percussion, thoracentesis

hyoxemia may not improve w/supp O2

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14
Q

Pneumothorax presenting complaints

A

hyperresonant, CXR

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15
Q

Mesothelioma presenting complaints

A

dull percussion, CT/pleura biopsy

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16
Q

Malignant Mesothelioma

A
  • only one exposure is needed for damage

- first causes fibrosis in lung, then tumor, then cancer

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17
Q

treatment of pts with chest wall problems

A

CPAP, then invasive if needed

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18
Q

problems with the following will cause breathing to stop

A
  • brain (cerebellum)
  • spine trauma/infection
  • corticospinal fiber, alpha motor neuron (lou gehrigs)
  • neuropathy (myelin sheath degradation)
  • NMJ (botulism, myasthenia gravis)
  • myopathy
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19
Q

hypoxemic vs

hypercapnic respiratory failure

A

PaO2<60 mm/Hg

PaCO2>45

20
Q

normal partial pressure of O2 in alveoli

CO2

A

105 mm/Hg

40 mm/Hg

21
Q

diffusion of ( ) is much faster than ( )

A

CO2, O2

22
Q

normal tidal volume

A

500 cc

23
Q

MCC of ARDS

A

sepsis (caused by pneumonia)

24
Q

how to treat ARDS

A

decrease tidal volume, sedate to decrease O@ consumption, paralyze pt

25
Q

obstructive lung disease occurs when…

A

FEV1/FVC

26
Q

TLC

A

volume of air in lungs at full inspiration

27
Q

functional residual capactiy

A

volume in lungs at resting expiration

28
Q

RV

A

volume in lungs at full expiration

29
Q

FVC

A

volume of air exhaled from full inspiration to max full expiration

30
Q

FEV1/FVC ratio

A
  • indicates what % of total FVC was expelled during 1st second of exhalation
  • important for dx of obstructive and restrictive disease
31
Q

in restrictive lung disease, TLC is ( ), VC is ( ) , FEV1 is ( ), and the ratio is ( )

A

decreased, decreased, decreased, normal

32
Q

if FEV1/FVC ratio is normal, check…..

A

FVC, can indicate restrictive disease

33
Q

if FEV1/FVC ratio is low, think….

A

obstruction, give bronchodilator and check for 200CC or 12% FEV1 improvement

34
Q

inhalation diseases are seen in…

blood….

A

upper lobe

lower lobe

35
Q

acute cough
subacute
chronic

A

less than 3 weeks
3-8 weeks
greater than 8 weeks

36
Q

4 causes of chronic cough

A
  • GERD
  • hidden bronchial asthma
  • postnasal drip
  • eosinophilic bronchitis
37
Q

apnea

A

cessation of breathing >20 sec

cessation of breathing <20 sec w/cyanosis or bradycardia

38
Q

OSA

A
  • narrowing or collapse of pharyngeal airway during sleep

- obesity is the biggest factor

39
Q

OSA comorbidities

A
  • HTN
  • Afib
  • heart failure
  • stroke
  • decreased insulin sensitivity
  • depression
40
Q

mgmt of OSA

A
  • weight loss
  • CPAP or BiPAP
  • surigcal
41
Q

MCC of congenital stridor

A
  • laryngomalacia
  • bilateral vocal cord paralysis
  • subglottic stenosis
  • tracheal compression
42
Q

MCC of bacterial tracheitis

A

staph aureus

43
Q

croup

A

acute laryngotracheobronchitis

“steeple sign”

44
Q

MCC of epiglottitis

A

H influenza, loss of voice, no cough

“thumb sign”

45
Q

Rendu-osler-weber syndome

A

AVM, telangectasia

46
Q

Bilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis:

A

Inspiratory stridor associated with weak cry & respiratory distress

47
Q

Laryngomalacia:

A

Inspiratory stridor that often positional.

Pulmonary (7 decks)

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