Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

Asthma is associated with these symptoms…

A
  • airway hyperresponsiveness
  • airflow limitation/obstruction
  • reversible
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2
Q

What triggers asthma?

A

external stimuli/antigen

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3
Q

Main cells of inflammation?

A
  • eosinophil

- Th2

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4
Q

antihistamines block which pathway?

A

mast cell production, not Th2

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5
Q

which cells are released during an asthma attach, and in which order?

A

1) histamine
2) leukorienes
3) interluekins
4) IgE

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6
Q

Extrinsic asthma
vs
Intrinsic asthma

A

aka eosinophlic/allergic asthma, atopy shown (hyperallergic rxn,IgE)

aka non allergic, no identifyable stimuli

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7
Q

Asthma predicative index

A
  • identify high risk children age 2-3 w/greater than or equal to 4 wheezing episodes in past year PLUS
  • one major criterion consisiting of parent w/asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergen sensitivty OR
  • two minor criterion consisting of food sensitivity, peripheral eosinophilia, wheezing not related to infection
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8
Q

bilateral nasal polyps are due to ( ) and called

A

aspirin sensitivity, samters triad

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9
Q

How to accurately diagnose asthma?

A
  • PFT w/bronchodilator
  • 12% and 200 cc change in FEV1
  • obstructive physio shown on PFT (FEV1 reduced more than FVC)
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10
Q

If PFT are normal, you would next perform…

A

methacholine test to see if FEV decrease at least 20%

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11
Q

3 Cs of sputum in asthma

A

Creola Bodies
Charcot-Leyden crystals
Curschmann’s spirals

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12
Q

easiest way to monitor asthma?

A

peak flow meter
80-100 is green/normal
50-80 is yellow
less 50 red

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13
Q

Mild intermittent vs

Mild persistent

A

-less than 2 days/week, less than 2 nights/month, PEF variability less than 20%
> 2 times/week but < 1/day, > 2 nights/month, PEF variability 0-30%

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14
Q

pts with sever asthma should receive this med

A

omalizumab (anti-IgE), careful for anaphylaxis

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15
Q

treatment for intermittent asthma

A

as needed inhaler (SABA)

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16
Q

treatment for persistent asthma

A

as needed inhaler (SABA) with low dose inhaled corticosteroid

17
Q

treatment for moderate persistent asthma

A

SABA, ICS, LABA

18
Q

treatment for severe persistent asthma

A

SABA, ICS, LABA, LTRA, anticholinergic

19
Q

final option for asthma medication?

A

mepolizumab, blocks IL-5, decreased eosinophils

20
Q

pulsus paradoxus

A

abnormally large decrease in systolic BP and pulse wave amp during inspiration

21
Q

Kussmaul’s sign

A

rise in JVP on inspiration

can be seen in heart disease and severe asthma

22
Q

risk of steroids

A

-adrenal suppresion
-diabetic crisis
-osteoperosis
gastritis
-muscle wasting

23
Q

what two drugs can lead to poor asthma control

A
  • NSAIDS

- Beta-blockers

24
Q

asthma presents w/

A
  • dry cough

- no hemoptysis