Lung Structure & Function

Question 0

Describe alveoli

Answer 0

Approximately 500 million in the lungs

0.3 mm bubbles

Thin barrier between alveolar air and capillary blood (0.2-0.3 um)

Question 1

What kind of surface area do the lungs have?

Answer 1

Large surface area approximately 500 million Alveoli

Question 2

Describe surfactant

Answer 2

Produced by type two pneumocytes

Keep alveoli from collapsing

Question 3

Describe lung branching

Answer 3

The purpose is to move air over large surface areas while preventing dust from reaching alveolar membrane

16 generations of branching quotation “conducting” Airways

7 generations of branching “respiratory zone”

Question 4

Describe cilia and mucus blanket in what part of the lungs?

Answer 4

Because blanket in conducting airways

To remove debris

Question 5

Describe macrophage in the lungs

Answer 5

Defend the air against damage or infection by particles of micro organisms

Alveoli, airway, and interstitial macrophages

Mucociliary escalator

Question 6

Name the structures that keep airways from collapsing during exhalation

Answer 6

Rings in cartilage in large airways

Elastic fibers in alveolar walls tethering small airways that do not have rings

Cartilaginous rings keep trachea from collapsing during inhalation

High-pressure in the alveoli needed for air to flow out of the lungs

Result in lower pressure in the airways than the alveoli

Question 7

Detoxification of environmental contaminants is regulated by?

Answer 7

Hormone activation and deactivation

Specialized cells and P450 enzymes

Question 8

Fate of substances and pulmonary circulation

List peptides and their fate

Answer 8

Angiotensin 1 = converted to angiotensin II via ACE

Angiotensin 2 = unaffected

Vasporessin = unaffected

Bradykinin = up to 80% in activated

Question 9

Fate of substances and pulmonary circulation

Fate of amines?

Answer 9

Serotonin = almost completely removed

Neroepinephrine = up to 30% removed

Histamine = not affected

Dopamine = not affected

Question 10

Fate of substances and pulmonary circulation

Arachidonic acid metabolites?

Answer 10

Prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha = almost completely removed

Prostaglandin A2 = not affected

prostacyclin PG 12 = not affected

Leukotrienes = almost completely removed

Question 11

Why are lung assessment test/measurements performed

Answer 11

Basic respiratory physiology how lung capacity and function is measured

Question 12

Which test measures hemoglobin O2 saturation

Answer 12

Pulse oximetry

Question 13

Which test measures O2 and CO2 partial pressures and PH

Answer 13

Arterial blood sample

Question 14

This test is used to measure vital capacity

Answer 14

Spirometry