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TCD Cases > Lung Cancer > Flashcards

Lung Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Define hypertrophic osteoarthropathy

A

Combines clubbing and periostitis of the small hand joints - can occur secondary to lung cancer

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2
Q

Myasthenia gravis can be associated with what type of malignancy?

A

Thymus tumour

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3
Q

What is the most common malignancy to be associated with Lambert-Eaton syndrome?

A

Small cell lung cancer

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4
Q

What is Lambert-Eaton syndrome?

A

Rare autoimmune condition characterised by muscle weakness of the the limbs as a result of impaired [re-synpatic release fo ACh. Also known as LEMS - Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome

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5
Q

Small cell lung cancer is classically associated with what type of hormone condition?

A

SIADH

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6
Q

What does SPIKES stand for in the context of breaking bad news?

A

S - Situation
P - Patient perception
I - Invitation to continue with the explanation
K - Knowledge in small chunks
E -Empathy for the shock/ other emotions
S -Strategy, what you and the patient are going to do

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7
Q

What are the 4 most common forms of cancer seen in the UK population?

A
  1. Breast
  2. Lung
  3. Colorectal
  4. Prostate
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8
Q

Suggest 5 potential causes of bronchial carcinoma

A
  1. Smoking
  2. Ionising radiation
  3. Asbestos
  4. Fibrosing alveolitis
  5. Industrial chemicals
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9
Q

What is the most common form of primary lung cancer?

A

Small cell lung cancer

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10
Q

Give 2 clinical signs associated with SVC obstruction

A
  1. Facial/ hand swelling that is worse in the morning

2. Headache

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11
Q

What is the treatment of choice for small cell lung cancer?

A

Chemotherapy

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12
Q

Suggest 5 potential differential diagnoses for bronchial carcinoma

A
  1. TB
  2. Pneumonia
  3. Lung metastases from another primary malignancy
  4. Benign lung tumour
  5. Wegener’s granulomatosis
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13
Q

Define Wegener’s granulomatosis

A

Rare inflammatory disease that affects a variety of tissue types including the blood vessels, lungs and kidneys

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14
Q

What are the 3 subcategories of TNM staging

A

T - Grade of primary tumour
N - Regional lymph nodes
M - Distant metastases

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15
Q

Give 5 indications that would make a bronchial carcinoma inoperable

A
  1. Distant metastases
  2. Mediastinal spread
  3. Poor pulmonary function
  4. Frequent angina/ heart failure
  5. Psychological failure
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16
Q

What is the mainstay treatment for non-small cell lung cancer

A

Surgery and radiotherapy

17
Q

Name the chemotherapy agent that can be used in the treatment of EGFR mutation positive cells

A

Gefitinib

18
Q

Name the 2 most common nerves to be affect by the mass affect of a bronchial carcinoma

A
  1. Recurrent laryngeal nerve - leading to Horner’s syndrome

2. Phrenic nerve

19
Q

Briefly outline the action of parathyroid hormone on the kidney

A

Upregulates the reabsorption of calcium from the kidney tubules

20
Q

PTrP is most commonly associated with which 4 cancer types?

A
  1. Breast
  2. Squamous cell lung cancer
  3. Cholangiocarcinoma
  4. Multiple myeloma
21
Q

Name the procedure used to collect a sample of fluid in the assessment of a pleural effusion

A

Thoracentesis

22
Q

A bloody pleural effusion sample may indicate one of which 4 conditions?

A
  1. Malignancy
  2. Asbestosis
  3. Pulmonary infarction
  4. Postcardiac injury syndrome
23
Q

A white coloured pleural effusion sample may indicate what underlying pathology? (2)

A
  1. Chylothorax

2. Cholesterol effusion

24
Q

A black pleural effusion sample may indicate what underlying pathology?

A

Aspergillus

25
Q

Yellow-green pleural effusion sample may indicate what underlying pathology?

A

Rheumatoid pleurisy

26
Q

Dark green pleural effusion sample may indicate what underlying pathology?

A

Bilothorax

27
Q

‘Anchovy paste like’ pleural effusion sample is indicative of which underlying pathology?

A

Amebic liver abscess

28
Q

Pus in the pleural effusion sample is indicative of which underlying pathology?

A

Empyema

29
Q

What are the 3 main causes of a transudate pleural effusion?

A
  1. Chronic heart failure
  2. Cirrhosis
  3. Nephrosis
30
Q

Recall the 3 components of Light’s criteria

A
  1. Pleural fluid protein/ serum protein >0.5
  2. Pleural fluid LDH/ serum LDH >0.6
  3. Pleural fluid LDH > 2/3 upper limit of normal serum LDH
31
Q

If a pleural effusion has protein >7-8g/dL which 2 differential diagnoses should be considered?

A
  1. Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia

2. Mutiple myeloma

32
Q

When analysing a pleural effusion sample, and LDH > 1000 points towards which 3 differentials?

A
  1. Empyema
  2. Rheumatoid pleurisy
  3. Malignancy
33
Q

Pleural fluid glucose <60 mg/dL points towards which 5 differential diagnoses?

A
  1. Rheumatoid pleurisy
  2. Parapneumonic effusion or empyema
  3. Malignant effusion
  4. Lupus pleuritis
  5. Oesophageal rupture

TCD Cases (25 decks)

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