Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

TCD Cases > Asthma > Flashcards

Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main questions to ask a patient attending an asthma review clinic?

A
  1. Have you had any problems sleep because of you asthma since the last check up?
  2. Have you had your usual asthma symptoms during the day?
  3. Has your asthma interfered with your normal daily activities?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Give the 2 main types of abnormal breathing on respiratory examination.

A
  1. Diminished breath sounds

2. Bronchial breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Recall the 4 types of added breath sounds

A
  1. Wheeze
  2. Crepitations
  3. Pleural rub
  4. Stridor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 states in which bronchial breath sounds are heard?

A
  1. Consolidation
  2. Lobar collapse with a patent bronchus
  3. Lung cavity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does a wheeze on clinical examination indicate?

A

Narrowing of the airways due to either bronchospasm or secretions in the small airways.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Recall the 2 categories of wheeze

A
  1. Sibilant (high pitch)

2. Sonorous (low pitch)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the pathophysiology of a sibilant and sonorous wheeze respectively?

A
  1. A sibilant wheeze is brought about by bronchospasm of the small airways.
  2. A sonorous wheeze is caused by narrowing of the small airways due to secretions.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name a condition that is associated with a sibilant wheeze

A

Asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name a condition associated with a sonorous wheeze

A

Chronic bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What causes crepitations?

A

Collapse of peripheral airways on expiration either due to interstitial fibrosis or the due to secretions/fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Give a cause of early inspiratory crepitations

A

Bronchiolitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give a cause of mid inspiratory crepitations

A

Pulmonary Oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Give 6 causes of late inspiratory crepitations

A
  1. Pulmonary fibrosis
  2. Pulmonary oedema
  3. COPD
  4. Resolving pneumonia
  5. Lung abscess
  6. Tuberculous lung cavity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name a condition in which biphasic crepitations can be heard

A

Bronchiectasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define Bronchiectasis

A

Permanent dilation of the of the bronchi due to destruction of the elastic and muscular components of the bronchial wall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 4 main differentials for patients presenting with bronchiectasis?

A
  1. COPD
  2. Asthma
  3. Pneumonia
  4. Chronic sinusitis
17
Q

Fine crepitations are heard in which 3 conditions?

A
  1. Bronchiolitis
  2. Pulmonary oedema
  3. Pulmonary fibrosis
18
Q

Coarse crepitations are heard in which 5 conditions?

A
  1. COPD
  2. Resolving pneumonia
  3. Lung abscess
  4. Tuberculous lung cavities
  5. Bronchiectasis
19
Q

Coarse crackles and wheeze are characteristic of which condition?

A

Cystic fibrosis

20
Q

Give 3 potential causes of a pleural rub

A
  1. Consolidation
  2. Infarction
  3. Uremia
21
Q

Why is it particularly important for patients with asthma to receive their flu vaccinations?

A

Influenza can cause further inflammation of the airways and lungs and thus can worsen the patient’s symptoms or even trigger acute asthma attacks.

22
Q

Define Peak Expiratory Flow Rate

A

The maximal rate at which a person can exhale during a short maximal expiratory effort after a full inspiration.

23
Q

What parameters are required in order to predict a patient’s peak flow rate?

A

Patient’s sex and height

24
Q

Give 2 examples of long acting beta agonist (LABA)

A
  1. Salmeterol

2. Formoterol

25
Q

Give an example of a long acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA)

A

Tiotropium

26
Q

How would you distinguish between obstructive and restrictive lung disease on spirometry testing?

A

Through consideration of the FEV1/ FVC ratio. If the ratio is decreased (<70%) then this is indicative of obstructive disease and conversely an increased ratio above normal levels may suggest restrictive lung disease

27
Q

What additional drug can be given alongside a short acting beta-2 agonist?

A

Ipatropium Bromide

28
Q

Define the A-a gradient

A

The difference between the partial pressure of oxygen inspired and the arterial oxygen partial pressure.

29
Q

What is the normal value for an A-a gradient

A

10

30
Q

An elevated A-a gradient can indicate what? (3)

A
  1. Right to left intrapulmonary shunt
  2. V/Q mismatch
  3. Alveolar hypoventilation
31
Q

List the structures that make up the left border of the heart on CXR (4)

A
  1. Aortic knuckle
  2. Pulmonary outflow tract
  3. Left atrial appendage
  4. Left ventricle
32
Q

List the structures that make the up the right border of the heart on CXR (3)

A
  1. SVC
  2. Right ventricle
  3. IVC
33
Q

What is the most likely cause of a unilateral silent chest and wheeze?

A

Foreign body aspiration

34
Q

What 4 features are suggestive of acute severe asthma?

A
  1. A peak flow reading 33-50% of best or predicted value
  2. RR > 25
  3. HR > 110
  4. Inability to complete sentences in one breath

TCD Cases (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions