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Peri-op > Lumps and Bumps > Flashcards

Lumps and Bumps Flashcards

1
Q

List 4 generic causes of lumps in the body

A
  1. Lipoma
  2. Sebaceous Cyst
  3. Lymph Node
  4. SkinL Lesions
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2
Q

What is Gardener Syndrome?

A

Autosomal dominant condition characterised by:

adenomatous polyps of the GIT
desmoid tumours
osteomas
epidermoid cysts
lipomas
dental abnormalities
periampullary carcinomas

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3
Q

What is the mutation and affected chromosome in Gardener syndrome

A

Autosomal dominant familial polyposis coli gene on chromosome 5

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4
Q

What is Dercum’s Disease? (Adiposis dolorosa)

A

A rare condition characterized by generalized obesity and fatty tumours in the adipose tissue

Tumours are normally painful and found in multiples

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5
Q

Treatment of lipomas

A

Surgical removal if:

  • they’re causing problems ie pain
  • if there’s uncertainty about whether it’s a lipoma
  • affecting self-esteem

If large…..general anaesthetic

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6
Q

Sebaceous (Epidermoid) cysts are a term used to describe what two things?

A
  1. Epidermoid cysts
  2. Pilar cysts
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7
Q

What is contained within Epidermoid and Pilar cysts?

A

Keratin

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8
Q

Compare the origination of an Epidermoid vs Pilar cyst

A

Epidermoid cysts originate in the epidermis

Pilar cysts originate from hair follicles

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9
Q

Treatment of Epidermoid and Pilar cysts

A

Leave alone if small and not bothering patient

Excise (LA) if catching on clothes, unsightly location and to avoid infection

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10
Q

What are Ganglia?

What is contained within?

A

Out-pouching of a weakened portion of a joint capsule or tendon sheath

The fluid contained is similar in composion to synovial fluid

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11
Q

Common location where ganglia form

A

Along the extensor carpi radialis brevis as it passes over the dorsum of the wrist joint

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12
Q

Treatment of ganglia

A
  1. Leave the cyst in place
  2. Aspirate the ganglion (50% recurrence)
  3. Surgical Excision (25% recurrence)
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13
Q

List 4 specific causes of lumps in the groin

A
  1. Hernia
  2. Maldescended Testis
  3. Varicocoele
  4. Saphenovarix
  5. Femoral artery aneurysm
  6. Psoasabscess
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14
Q

‘Undescended Testes’

A
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15
Q

What is a Varicocoele?

A

Swelling on veins in the pampiniform plexus

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16
Q

What is a Varicocoele?

A

Swelling of the veins in the pampiniform plexus

17
Q

What is a Saphenous Varix?

A

Dilation of the great saphenous vein at its junction with the femoral vein in the groin

Common surgical problem

18
Q

Presentation of a Saphenous varix

A
  1. Lump in the groin
  2. Bluish tinge
  3. Disappears on lying
  4. Venous hum may be heard on auscultation
19
Q
A

Groin Lumps

Femoral artery aneurysm

• False aneurysms, also known as a pseudoaneurysm, is when there is a breach in the vessel wall which allows blood to leak through the wall but is contained by the adventitia or surrounding perivascular soft tissue.

20
Q

What is a Psoas abscess?

A

Collection of pus in iliopsoas compartment

21
Q

Most common organism in a psoas abscess

A

Staphylococcus aureus

22
Q

List 4 clinical features of a psoas abscess present?

A
  1. Fever
  2. Back/flank pain
  3. Limp
  4. Weight loss
23
Q

Examination findings of a psoas abscess

A

Pain on resisted _____ and hyperextention of the affected hip ???

24
Q

List 4 specific causes of lumps in the neck

A
  1. Goitre
  2. Submandibular or Parotid swelling
  3. Carotid swellings
  4. Branchial cyst
  5. Thyroglossal cyst
25
Q

How can we differentiate between goitre vs thyroglossal cyst

A

Thyroglossal cyst will move upwards with protrusion of the tongue

26
Q

List 4 causes of thyroid swellings

A
  1. Solitary nodule
  2. Multinodular goitre)
  3. Diffuse goitre
  4. Retrosternal goitre
27
Q

List 4 causes of parotid gland swellings

A
  1. Mumps
  2. Stone in salivary duct.
  3. Benign and malignant tumours
  4. Sjögren’s syndrome
28
Q

List 3 causes of Submandibular swelling

A
  1. Stone in salivary duct.
  2. Benign and malignant tumours.
  3. Sjögren’s syndrome (less common).
29
Q

What is a carotid body tumour?

A

Rare paraganglioma

30
Q

What is a branchial cyst?

A

Congenital epithelial cyst due to failure of obliteration of the second branchial cleft in embryonic development

Arises on the lateral part of the neck

Asymptomatic unless they become infected

31
Q

Where are Thyroglossal cysts located?

A

Midline of the neck between the isthmus of the thyroid and the hyoid bone

32
Q

What is a Thyroglossal cyst?

What is its embryological origin

A

Remanent of the thyroglossal duct

Embryologically derived from the foramen caecum

Peri-op (22 decks)

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