Lumps and Bumps Flashcards
List 4 generic causes of lumps in the body
- Lipoma
- Sebaceous Cyst
- Lymph Node
- SkinL Lesions
What is Gardener Syndrome?
Autosomal dominant condition characterised by:
adenomatous polyps of the GIT
desmoid tumours
osteomas
epidermoid cysts
lipomas
dental abnormalities
periampullary carcinomas
What is the mutation and affected chromosome in Gardener syndrome
Autosomal dominant familial polyposis coli gene on chromosome 5
What is Dercum’s Disease? (Adiposis dolorosa)
A rare condition characterized by generalized obesity and fatty tumours in the adipose tissue
Tumours are normally painful and found in multiples
Treatment of lipomas
Surgical removal if:
- they’re causing problems ie pain
- if there’s uncertainty about whether it’s a lipoma
- affecting self-esteem
If large…..general anaesthetic
Sebaceous (Epidermoid) cysts are a term used to describe what two things?
- Epidermoid cysts
- Pilar cysts
What is contained within Epidermoid and Pilar cysts?
Keratin
Compare the origination of an Epidermoid vs Pilar cyst
Epidermoid cysts originate in the epidermis
Pilar cysts originate from hair follicles
Treatment of Epidermoid and Pilar cysts
Leave alone if small and not bothering patient
Excise (LA) if catching on clothes, unsightly location and to avoid infection
What are Ganglia?
What is contained within?
Out-pouching of a weakened portion of a joint capsule or tendon sheath
The fluid contained is similar in composion to synovial fluid
Common location where ganglia form
Along the extensor carpi radialis brevis as it passes over the dorsum of the wrist joint
Treatment of ganglia
- Leave the cyst in place
- Aspirate the ganglion (50% recurrence)
- Surgical Excision (25% recurrence)
List 4 specific causes of lumps in the groin
- Hernia
- Maldescended Testis
- Varicocoele
- Saphenovarix
- Femoral artery aneurysm
- Psoasabscess
‘Undescended Testes’
What is a Varicocoele?
Swelling on veins in the pampiniform plexus
What is a Varicocoele?
Swelling of the veins in the pampiniform plexus
What is a Saphenous Varix?
Dilation of the great saphenous vein at its junction with the femoral vein in the groin
Common surgical problem
Presentation of a Saphenous varix
- Lump in the groin
- Bluish tinge
- Disappears on lying
- Venous hum may be heard on auscultation
Groin Lumps
Femoral artery aneurysm
• False aneurysms, also known as a pseudoaneurysm, is when there is a breach in the vessel wall which allows blood to leak through the wall but is contained by the adventitia or surrounding perivascular soft tissue.
What is a Psoas abscess?
Collection of pus in iliopsoas compartment
Most common organism in a psoas abscess
Staphylococcus aureus
List 4 clinical features of a psoas abscess present?
- Fever
- Back/flank pain
- Limp
- Weight loss
Examination findings of a psoas abscess
Pain on resisted _____ and hyperextention of the affected hip ???
List 4 specific causes of lumps in the neck
- Goitre
- Submandibular or Parotid swelling
- Carotid swellings
- Branchial cyst
- Thyroglossal cyst
How can we differentiate between goitre vs thyroglossal cyst
Thyroglossal cyst will move upwards with protrusion of the tongue
List 4 causes of thyroid swellings
- Solitary nodule
- Multinodular goitre)
- Diffuse goitre
- Retrosternal goitre
List 4 causes of parotid gland swellings
- Mumps
- Stone in salivary duct.
- Benign and malignant tumours
- Sjögren’s syndrome
List 3 causes of Submandibular swelling
- Stone in salivary duct.
- Benign and malignant tumours.
- Sjögren’s syndrome (less common).
What is a carotid body tumour?
Rare paraganglioma
What is a branchial cyst?
Congenital epithelial cyst due to failure of obliteration of the second branchial cleft in embryonic development
Arises on the lateral part of the neck
Asymptomatic unless they become infected
Where are Thyroglossal cysts located?
Midline of the neck between the isthmus of the thyroid and the hyoid bone
What is a Thyroglossal cyst?
What is its embryological origin
Remanent of the thyroglossal duct
Embryologically derived from the foramen caecum
