Lump examination findings

Question 1

What are IBD related papules called?

Answer 1

Erythema nodosum

Question 2

List two small bumps which may be untethered to skin

Answer 2

Cyst

Lipoma

Question 3

What kind of lump has telangiectasia? Describe its appearance

Answer 3

BCC, pearly

Question 4

Things to consider when assessing lumps

Answer 4

Size
Shape 
Colour 
Surroundings 
Surface 
Temperature/transluminacy/tethering/tenderness (pain)
Fluctuatance
Pulsatility 
Auscultation

Question 5

What is a fistula?

Answer 5

Abnormal connection between two epithelial surfaces

Question 6

What is a varicocele?

Answer 6

Dilation of vessels in the testes, feels like bag of worms

Question 7

What is a hydrocele?

Answer 7

Fluid filled in the external vaginalis covering the testes, feels like diffuse swelling

Question 8

List four cysts in the anterior triangle of the neck

Answer 8

Thyroid cyst
Carotid aneurysm
Lymphadenopathy
Branchial cyst (benign embryological remnant that grows)

Question 9

Diffuse swelling of thyroid

Answer 9

Goitre

Question 10

Mass in posterior triangle

Answer 10

Lymphadenopathy

Question 11

Child with swelling in posterior triangle, transluminable

Explain what this is caused by

Answer 11

Cystic hygroma (blockage in the lymphatic system)

Question 12

What is Meckels diverticulum?

Answer 12

True diverticulum, which mimics appendicitis in a child as it mimics the outpouching

Question 13

Name a diverticulum of the upper GI tract and what t causes

Answer 13

Pharyngeal outpouching - can cause food to get stuck, chronic cough, borborygmus sound, regurgitation, halitosis

Question 14

What is a cervical rib? Symptoms?

Answer 14

Growing of spinous process of c7

Thoracic outlet syndrome (pain and numbness in hands, shoulder pain etc)

Question 15

Difference between thyroglossal cyst and thyroid lumps

Answer 15

Both move up but cyst moves up with tongue protrusion due to connection to foramen caecum of thyroglossal cyst