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Clinical Skills > ABGs > Flashcards

ABGs Flashcards

1
Q

Where do you do take an ABG?

A

Radial artery

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2
Q

What do you have to tell the machine in addition to the blood?

A

Oxygen

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3
Q

What does an ABG give you?

A 
pH
PaO2
PaCO2
HCO3
Base excess

Potassium
Lactate
Ca
Hb

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4
Q

What’s the normal pH of blood?

A

7.35-7.45

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5
Q

What is the normal PaO2?

A

10-14

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6
Q

If someone is on oxygen, what is the normal range?

A

10 minus the percentage of oxygen they’re on

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7
Q

What exactly is PaO2?

A

The percentage of oxygen in the blood (can be dissolved, no necessarily in the RBC).

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8
Q

What is the normal range for PaCO2?

A

4.5-6

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9
Q

What’s the normal HCO3 range?

A

22-26

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10
Q

What’s the normal base excess?

A

-2 to +2

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11
Q

What’s the normal Hb level?

A

120+

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12
Q

What’s the normal lactate level?

A

Less than 2

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13
Q

What’s the first thing you look for on an ABG?

A

Is it acidotic or alkalotic (look at pH)

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14
Q

Which value crudely tells you whether the acidosis/alkalosis is METABOLIC?

A

HCO3

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15
Q

Which value crudely tells you whether the acidosis/alkalosis is RESPIRATORY?

A

PaCO2

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16
Q

What does CO2 do in water?

A

Becomes Carbonic acid (H2Co3) which can split into H+ ions an HCO3-

17
Q

What is partially compensated respiratory acidemia?

A

When the kidneys

18
Q

What happens in fully compensated acidemia?

A

The pH levels seems normal, but either of the PaCO2 level or HCO3 level is higher

19
Q

If paO2 AND paCO2 are low?

A

Type 1 respiratory low

20
Q

If paO2 is low but PaCO2 is normal or high?

A

Type 2 respiratory failure

21
Q

What causes type 1 respiratory failure?

A 
PE
Pneumonia
Pulmonary fibrosis 
Asthma
Pulmonary oedema 
Pneumothorax
22
Q

Signs/symptoms of pulmonary oedema

A

Frothy pink sputum with cough

Better when sitting up

23
Q

Signs/symptoms of pneumothorax

A

Gasping and breathless
Reduced chest expansion
Deviated trachea

24
Q

What is severe atelectasis?

A

Lobar collapse of lung (collapsing of the alveoli)

25
Q

Causes of type 2 respiratory failure

A

Reduced respiratory drive
COPD
Opiod overdose

26
Q

Why must you be careful with giving oxygen for someone with COPD?

A

Their brain is so used to being underperfused, that if they get more oxygen, their brain will think they’re getting sufficient oxygen that it will think it won’t need to breathe as much, so their resp drive goes down, so they retain co2, hence they go into type 2 respiratory failure

27
Q

What are the ways in which to give oxygen?

A

Nasal canula
Venturi mask
Non rebreathe ask
CPAP/BiPAP

28
Q

What levels go n the same direction on an ABG if there is compensation?

A

HCO3 goes down if PaCO2 goes down to compensate, and in the opposite direction if it goes high

29
Q

What levels go in the same direction on an ABG if there is compensation?

A

HCO3 goes down if PaCO2 goes down to compensate, and in the opposite direction if it goes high

Clinical Skills (13 decks)

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