Lumbar Spine Test

Question 1

How many lumbar vertabrae are in the lumbar spine?

a.) 7
b.) 12
c.) 5
d.) 2

Answer 1

c.) 5

Question 2

Over rotation of the oblique lumbar spine in indicated by:

a.) the pedicle demonstrated anteriorly on vertebral body
b.) the pedicle demonstrated posteriorly on vertebral body
c.) the pedicle demonstrated midline on the vertebral body
d.) the pedicle demonstrated over zygapophyseal joint

Answer 2

b.) the pedicle demonstrated posteriorly on vertebral body

Question 3

What is the term for an abnormal anterior concavity of the lumbar spine?

a.) kyphoisis
b.) lordosis
c.) scoliosis
d.) concave

Answer 3

b.) lordosis

Question 4

What is the correct obliquity for the RPO and LPO projections of the lumbar spine?

a.) 30 degrees
b.) 40 degrees
c.) slight obliques
d.) 45 degrees

Answer 4

d.) 45 degrees

Question 5

Which of the following anatomy criteria is demonstrated on the lateral lumbar spine?
1.) L1-L4 intervertebral foramina
2.) vertebral bodies
3.) intervertebral joints
4.) spinous processes
5.) L5S1 junction
6.) transverse processes

a.) 1 and 2
b.) 3 and 4
c.) 5 only
d.) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

Answer 5

d.) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

Question 6

Which of the following evaluation criteria best demonstrates no rotation on the L5-S1 spot?

a.) closed L5-S1 spot
b.) oblique L5 body
c.) spinous process in profile
d.) superimposed greater sciatic notches and posterior borders of the vertebral bodies

Answer 6

d.) superimposed greater sciatic notches and posterior borders of the vertebral bodies

Question 7

Which of the following anatomy should be demonstrated on the AP lumbar spine?

1.) lumbar vertebral body
2.) intervertebral joints
3.) T12
4.) spinous process
5.) 11th rib
6.) transverse process
7.) SI joints
8.) sacrum

a.) 1 and 3
b.) 2 and 4
c.) 3 and 5
d.) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6,7 and 8

Answer 7

d.) 1, 2, 3, 4,6, 7 and 8

Question 8

When the pedicle dis demonstrated anteriorly on the vertebral body this indicates under rotation.

a.) true
b.) false

Answer 8

a.) true

Question 9

Which of the following evaluation criteria demonstrate accurate 45 degree patient rotation on the oblique lumbar spine projection?

1.) open zygapophyseal joints
2.) spinous process
3.) pedicle between midline and anterior aspect of vertebral body
4.) pedicle between midline and posterior aspect of vertebral body

a.) 1 and 3
b.) 2 and 4
c.) 1 only
d.) 3 only

Answer 9

a.) 1 and 3

Question 10

What is the central ray angulation on the L5-S1 spot?

a.) 2 to 3 degrees cephalad
b.) 5 to 8 degrees caudad
c.) 5 to 8 degrees cephalad
d.) perpendicular to iliac crest

Answer 10

b.) 5 to 8 degrees caudad

Question 11

What landmark is used to locate L3?

a.) upper costal margin
b.) lower costal margin
c.) last rib
d.) iliac crest

Answer 11

b.) lower costal margin

Question 12

The correct respiration for the L5-S1 spot is suspended on inspiration.

a.) true
b.) false

Answer 12

b.) false

Question 13

Which of the following evaluation criteria would indicate no rotation on the AP lumbar spine?

1.) SI joints obliqued to the right
2.) SI joints equidistant from spinous process
3.) spinous process to the left of the spine
4.) spinous process midline of vertebral column
5.) transverse processes equal length

a.) 1 and 3
b.) 2 and 4
c.) 5 only
d.) 2, 4 and 5

Answer 13

d.) 2, 4 and 5

Question 14

Which of the following evaluation criteria indicates no rotation on the lateral projection of the lumbar spine?

a.) lesser sciatic notch superimposed
b.) anterior vertebral bodies superimposed
c.) spinous process closed
d.) greater sciatic notches and vertebral bodies superimposed

Answer 14

d.) greater sciatic notches and vertebral bodies superimposed

Question 15

Which of the following demonstrates the spinal column aligned parallel to the IR on the lateral lumbar spine?
1.) closed intervertebral foramina
2.) open intervertebral foramina
3.) foreshortened intervertebral joint spaces
4.) open intervertebral joint spaces

a.) 1 and 2
b.) 2 and 4
c.) 4 only
d.) 3 only

Answer 15

b.) 2 and 4

Question 16

Where is the central ray directed on the L5-S1 spot?

a.) 1’’ inferior to iliac crest and 1’’ posterior to ASIS
b.) 2’’ inferior to iliac crest and 1 1/2’’
c.) 2’’ inferior to iliac crest and 2’’ posterior to ASIS
d.) 1 1/2’’ inferior to iliac crest and 2’’ posterior to ASIS

Answer 16

d.) 1 1/2’’ inferior to iliac crest and 2’’ posterior to ASIS

Question 17

Which views best demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints?

a.) AP lumbar
b.) lateral lumbar
c.) RPO and LPO obliques
d.) L5-S1 spot

Answer 17

c.) RPO and LPO obliques

Question 18

What is the purpose for flexing the knees and hips on the AP lumbar projection?

a.) reduces lordotic curvature
b.) reduces scoliosis
c.) reduces kyphotic curvature
d.) straightens entire lumbar spine

Answer 18

a.) reduces lordotic curvature

Question 19

Which of the following projections best demonstrates L5 vertebral body, first and second sacral segments and L5-S1 joint space?

a.) RPO
b.) AP lumbar
c.) AP axial lumbar
d.) L5-S1 spot

Answer 19

d.) L5-S1 spot

Question 20

Where is the central ray directed on the lateral lumbar spine projectiion?

a.) L4-L5 level of iliac crest
b.) L3
c.) 1-2 ‘’ above the iliac crest
d.) 1 1/2’’ above iliac crest

Answer 20

a.) L4-L5 level of iliac crest

Question 21

The phase of respiration for an AP projection of the lumbar spine is:

a.) shallow breathing
b.) deep expiration
c.) suspended on expiration
d.) deep inspiration

Answer 21

c.) suspended on expiration

Question 22

Why should a ssponge be placed under the patients waist on the lateral lumbar spine?

a.) place spine perpendicular to the table
b.) place spine parallel to the table
c.) place spine at right angle to the table
d.) places the spine closer to the table

Answer 22

b.) place spine parallel to the table

Question 23

Where is the CR directed on the AP lumbar spine projection using a 14x17?

a.) 1’’ above iliac crest
b.) 2’’ above iliac crest
c.) at the level of the iliac crest (L4-L5)
d.) 1’’ below iliac crest

Answer 23

c.) at the level of the iliac crest (L4-L5)

Question 24

Where is the CR directed on the RPO/LPO lumbar spine projections?

a.) L3 1-2’’ above the iliac crest and 2’’ medial to down ASIS
b.) L3 1-2’’ above the iliac crest and 2’’ medial to upside ASIS
c.) L2 1’’ above iliac crest and 1’’ medial to ASIS
d.) L2 1’’ above iliac crest and 1’’ medial to down ASIS

Answer 24

b.) L3 1-2’’ above the iliac crest and 2’’ medial to upside ASIS

Question 25

What two views are used to demonstrate the scotty dog?

a.) AP and lateral
b.) lateral lumbar and spot
c.) RPO and LPO oblique
d.) AP and obliques

Answer 25

c.) RPO and LPO oblique