Hip/Pelvis Test

Question 1

Which leg is elevated for the cross table lateral projection of the hip?

a.) affected foot
b.) unaffected foot
c.) affected leg
d.) unaffected leg

Answer 1

d.) unaffected leg

Question 2

A radiograph of an AP pelvis reveals that the lesser trochanters are not visualized. This pelvis projection was performed for nontraumatic reasons. what should the technologists do (if anything) to correct this on a repeat exposure?

a.) ensure that the ASIS is an equal distance from the tabletop
b.) nothing, image meets positioning criteria
c.) rotate the lower limbs more internally
d.) angle the CR 10 to 15 degrees cephalad

Answer 2

b.) nothing, image meets posiitoning criteria

Question 3

Where is the central ray directed on the cross table lateral projection of the hip?

a.) parallel to hip
b.) perpendicular to the hip joint
c.) parallel to the femur
d.) perpendicular to the femoral neck

Answer 3

d.) perpendicular to the femoral neck

Question 4

An AP hip image with accurate positioning demonstrates the:
1.) lesser trochanter in profile
2.) greater trochanter in profile
3.) femoral neck without foreshortening
4.) sacrum rotated toward the affected hip

a.) 1, 2 and 3 only
b.) 2 and 3 only
c.) 1 only
d.) 2, 3 and 4 only

Answer 4

b.) 2 and 3 only

Question 5

Which of the following methods demonstrate the hip in an axiolateral projection?

a.) lauenstein, hickey
b.) modified cleaves
c.) chassard lapine
d.) danelius miller

Answer 5

d.) danelius miller

Question 6

The hip bone is comprised of which of the following?
1.) ilium
2.) pubis
3.) sacrum

a.) 2 and 3
b.) 1 and 3
c.) 1, 2 and 3
d.) 1 and 2

Answer 6

d.) 1 and 2

Question 7

On the cross table lateral projection of the hip the affected leg should be internally rotated 15 to 20 degrees unless told otherwise.

a.) true
b.) false

Answer 7

a.) true

Question 8

The CR direction on the AP projection of the hip should be directed 1 to 2 inches distal to the femoral neck on a patient without an orthopedic appliance.

a.) true
b.) false

Answer 8

b.) false

Question 9

Which of the following describes the direction of the central ray for an axiolateral (crosstable) lateral projection of the hip ( danelius miller)?
1.) perpendicular to the IR
2.) perpendicular to the long axis of the femoral neck
3.) perpendicular to the long axis of the femur

a.) 2 and 3
b.) 1 and 3
c.) 1 and 2
d.) 1, 2 and 3

Answer 9

c.) 1 and 2

Question 10

A closed or foreshortened obtuartor foramen on the AP pelvis indicates:

a.) no rotation of pelvis
b.) feet and legs are not internally rotated
c.) rotation in that direction
d.) feet and lefs are closed too much

Answer 10

c.) rotation in that direction

Question 11

For a routine AP hip the CR should be 1-2 inches medial and 3 to 4 inches inferior to ASIS.

a.) true
b.) false

Answer 11

a.) true

Question 12

The image receptor must be placed parallel to the femoral neck for the axiolateral (inferosuperior/CTL) projection of the hip.

a.) true
b.) false

Answer 12

a.) true

Question 13

Which of the following structures is considered to be most inferior or distal?

a.) fovea capitis
b.) neck
c.) greater trochanter
d.) lesser trochanter

Answer 13

d.) lesser trochanter

Question 14

Why is it important to elevate hip on a cross table lateral projection?

a.) to ensure no rotation
b.) to rotate hip medially
c.) to frog hip
d.) to build up on the IR

Answer 14

d.) to build up on the IR

Question 15

Which of the following structures is not an aspect of the proximal femur?

a.) obturator foramen
b.) lesser trochanter
c.) intertrochanteric crest
d.) fovea clips

Answer 15

a.) obturator foramen

Question 16

Situation: A study of a prosthetic hip demonstrates that the end of the prosthesis is cut off on the AP projection but the entire device is demonstrated on the lateral projection what should the tech do next?

a.) ask anotehr tech for his or her opinion
b.) repeat both the ap and lateral projection
c.) repeat the AP projection only
d.) ask the radiologist if he or she wants the AP projection repeated

Answer 16

c.) repeat the AP projection only

Question 17

Central ray is directed between the ___________ and _____________ on the AP pelvis projection.

a.) ASIS; obturator foramen
b.) crest; ASIS
c.) ilium; ASIS
d.) ASIS; pubic symphisis

Answer 17

d.) ASIS; pubic symphisis

Question 18

How much should the cross table lateral hip be elevated?

a.) no elevation is required
b.) 1 to 2 inches
c.) 3 inches
d.) 4 inches

Answer 18

b.) 1 to 2 inches

Question 19

Which of the following evaluation criteria should be demonstrated on the AP pelvis projection?
1.) L4
2.) sacrum and coccyx
3.) femoral head and neck
4.) greater trochanter
5.) L5

a.) 1 and 2
b.) 2 and 4
c.) 4 only
d.) 2, 3, 4 and 5

Answer 19

d.) 2, 3, 4 and 5

Question 20

Which of the following is an important and frequently used radiographic positioning reference point for pelvis/hip?

a.) ischial spine
b.) anterior superior iliac spine
c.) acetabulum
d.) posterior superior iliac spine

Answer 20

b.) anterior superior iliac spine

Question 21

Which of the following projections provide the greatest amount of gonadal dose for a male patient (without the use of shielding)?

a.) AP hip projection
b.) axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection
c.) AP pelvis projection
d.) AP bilateral frog leg ( modified cleaves) projection

Answer 21

b.) axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection

Question 22

Gonadal sheilding should beused on both males and females of childbearing age for AP hip prjections, if correctly placed.

a.) true
b.) false

Answer 22

a.) true

Question 23

How many degrees should the limb be internally rotated for an AP projection of the femur?

a.) 25 degrees
b.) 3 to 5 degrees
c.) 5 degrees
d.) 15 to 20 degrees

Answer 23

d.) 15 to 20 degrees

Question 24

The area identified on the bone shown in the figure above is the:

a.) greater trochanter
b.) intertrochaneteric crest
c.) lesser trochanter
d.) posterior inferior spine

Answer 24

b.) intertrochanteric crest

Question 25

For an AP projection of the pelvis with accurate positioning:
1.) the ASIS are positioned at equal distances from the IR
2.) the patients legs are externally rotated until the epicondyles are at a 45 degree angle with the imaging table
3.) gonadal sheilding should not be used
4.) the central ray is centered midway between the ASIS and symphisis pubis

a.) 2 and 3 only
b.) 1 and 4 only
c.) 2 and 3 only
d.) 1, 3 and 4

Answer 25

b.) 1 and 4 only

Question 26

Which of the following will be shown “in profile” if the lower limbs are in correct position for an AP pelvis?

a.) anterior inferior iliac spine
b.) lesser trochanters
c.) greater trochanter
d.) anterior superior iliac spine

Answer 26

c.) greater trochanter

Question 27

What structures should be demonstrated on the cross table lateral projection?
1.) entire femoral head and neck
2.) trochanter
3.) acetablum
4.) greater trochanter

a.) 1 and 2
b.) 2 and 3
c.) 2 and 4
d.) 1, 2 and 3

Answer 27

d.) 1, 2 and 3

Question 28

Which of the following structures are demonstrated on AP pelvis projection?
1.) pelvic griddle
2.) L5
3.) sacrum and coccyx
4.) femoral heads and neck
5.) lesser trochanter
6.) greater trochanter
7.) L4

a.) 1, 3 and 5
b.) 1 only
c.) 2, 4, 6
d.) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6

Answer 28

d.) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6

Question 29

What is the proper interal rotation for the feet and lower limbs on the AP pelvis projection?

a.) 5 degrees
b.) 10 degrees
c.) 15 to 20 degrees
d.) 30 degrees

Answer 29

c.) 15 to 20 degrees

Question 30

How many degrees should the feet and lower limbs be interanally rotated for an AP pelvis radiograph ?

a.) 15 to 20 degrees
b.) 25 to 30 degrees
c.) 10 degrees
d.) 20 to 30 degrees

Answer 30

a.) 15 to 20 degrees

Question 31

Why must the lower limb be rotated 15 to 20 degrees internally for AP hip projections?

a.) to seperate the greater trochanter from the lesser trochanter
b.) to place the fovea capitis into a profiled position
c.) to open up the femoracetabular joint
d.) to place the femoral neck parallel to the image receptor

Answer 31

d.) to place the femoral neck parallel to the image receptor

Question 32

How many degrees is the lower limb and foot rotated internally for an AP hip?

a.) 15 to 20 degrees
b.) 5 to 7 degrees
c.) 30 to 35 degrees
d.) 0 degrees

Answer 32

a.) 15 to 20 degrees

Question 33

Situation: A radiograph of an AP pelvis reveals that the right iliac wing is foreshortened as compared with the left side. What specific positioning problem is present on this radiograph?

a.) incorrect CR centering or angulation
b.) right tilt
c.) left rotation
d.) right rotation

Answer 33

c.) left rotation

Question 34

Which of the following projections should be used for trauma, surgery or post surgery patients.

a.) AP pelvis
b.) AP hip
c.) frog leg lateral hip
d.) cross table lateral hip (axiolateral)

Answer 34

d.) cross table lateral hip (axiolateral)

Question 35

How far should the patient be rolled posteriorly from the lateral position for a lateral projection of the hip that will include the proximal femur?

a.) 45 degrees
b.) 5 degrees
c.) 10 to 15 degrees
d.) 20 to 30 degrees

Answer 35

c.) 10 to 15 degrees

Question 36

Situation: Patient enters the ER having sustained trauma to the pelvis. The patients main complaint is about her left hip. Which of the following projections should be taken first to rule out fracture or dislocation?

a.) lateral frog leg projection of the left hip
b.) AP pelvis
c.) AP projection of the left hip
d.) axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection of the left hip

Answer 36

b.) AP pelvis

Question 37

Which of the following respiration phase should be used on the pelvis/hip projections?

a.) suspended respuration
b.) expiration
c.) inspiration
d.) shallow breathing

Answer 37

a.) suspending respiration

Question 38

Which of the following describes the position of the IR for the axiolateral projection of the hip (danelius miller)?
1.) parallel with the long axis of the femoral neck
2.)its upper border in the crease above the iliac crest
3.) perpendicular to the long axis of the femur

a.) 1, 2 and 3
b.) 2 and 3
c.) 1 and 2
d.) 1 and 3

Answer 38

c.) 1 and 2

Question 39

Which of the following rami are a part of the pubis?
1.) superior
2.) inferior
3.) ischial

a.) 1 and 3
b.) 1, 2 and 3
c.) 2 and 3
d.) 1 and 2

Answer 39

d.) 1 and 2

Question 40

Which bone of the pelvic girdle forms the anterior inferior aspect?

a.) ischium
b.) pubis
c.) sacrum
d.) ilium

Answer 40

b.) pubis

Question 41

The central ray for an AP pelvis is directed perpendicular to the center of the IR. The central ray entrance point will be about:

a.) 3 inches inferior to the pubic symphisis
b.) 2 inches inferior to ASIS
c.) 2 inches inferior to the pubic symphisis
d.) 3 inches superior to the pubic symphisis

Answer 41

b.) 2 inches inferior to ASIS

Question 42

Only a small part of the lesser trochanter, if any, will be visible on a well positioned axiolateral (inferosuperior) lateral hip:

a.) true
b.) false

Answer 42

a.) true

Question 43

If a pelvic trauma patient presents with one lower limb shortened in comparison to the other, a fractures hip may be indicated.

a.) true
b.) false

Answer 43

a.) true

Question 44

A radiograph of an AP pelvis demonstrates that the left obturator foramen is foreshortened but the right foramen is open. Which one of the following positioning errors is present on this radiograph

a.) left rotation
b.) right rotation
c.) excessive CR angle
d.) right tilt

Answer 44

a.) left rotation

Question 45

Which of the following structures should be demonstrated on the cross table lateral projection?
1.) femoral head and neck
2.) trocahnter
3.) acetabulum
4.) distal femoral neck should be superimposed by greater trochanter
5.) soft tissue of unaffected leg is not superimposed over affected hip

a.) 1 only
b.) 2 and 3
c.) 4 and 5
d.) 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

Answer 45

d.) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5