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Procedures 2 (Radiography) > Ankle & Lower Leg Test > Flashcards

Ankle & Lower Leg Test Flashcards

1
Q

To ensure that both joints are included on an AP projection of the tibia and fibula on an adult, the technologist should:

a.) use a tabletop technique
b.) use a bucky tray
c.) increase the SID to 60 inches
d.) use two seperate films

A

d.) use two seperate films

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2
Q

Which specific projections of the ankle are performed to diagnose a tear of the medial or lateral ligament?
1.) AP, eversion stress
2.) AP, inversion stress
3.) AP oblique, 15 to 20 degree medial rotation

a.) 2 and 3
b.) 1 and 2
c.) 1, 2 and 3
d.) 1 and 3

A

b.) 1 and 2

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3
Q

How much CR angulation to the long axis of the foot is required for the plantodorsal (axial) projection of the calcaneus?

a.) 40 degrees
b.) 45 to 50 degrees
c.) 15 to 20 degrees
d.) 30 to 35 degrees

A

a.) 40 degrees

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4
Q

Where will the fibula be located on a properly positioned lateral radiograph of the ankle?

a.) over the anterior half of the tibia
b.) behind the tibia
c.) over the posterior half of the tibia
d.) directly over the tibia

A

c.) over the posterior half of the tibia

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5
Q

Which of the following evaluation criteria are demonstrated on the PA digits? Choose all that apply.

a.) distal
b.) middle
c.) proximal
d.) distal metacarpals

A

a.) distal
b.) middle
c.) proximal
d.) distal metacarpals

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6
Q

How far should the IR extend beyond the ankle or knee joint for an AP projection of the lower leg?

a.) 3/4 inch
b.) 1/2 inch to 1 inch
c.) 2 inches
d.) 1/2 inch

A

c.) 2 inches

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7
Q

The talus articulates with how many bones?

a.) 1
b.) 2
c.) 3
d.) 4

A

d.) 4

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8
Q

The fibula is commonly called the shin bone.

a.) true
b.) false

A

b.) false

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9
Q

For an AP projection of the ankle, the central ray must enter the:

a.) ankle joint, midway between the malleoli
b.) subtalar joint
c.) talofibular joint
d.) talus

A

a.) ankle joint, midway between the malleoli

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10
Q

What are the two main structures shown on the ankle mortise view?

a.) distal tibia and fibula overlap some of the talus
b.) ankle mortise in profile
c.) all three sides of mortise joint should be visualized
d.) checks for fractures of fifth metatarsal
e.) none of the above

A

c.) all three sides of mortise joint should be visualized

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11
Q

Evaluation Criteria: Medial Oblique Ankle
1.) distal tibia, fibula and talus
2.) distal 1/3 of lower leg
3.) proximal half of metatarsals
4.) distal tibiofibular joint
5.) lateral malleolus and talus superimposition
6.) medial malleolus talus partially superimposed

a.) 1 only
b.) 1
c.) 2
d.) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6

A

d.) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6

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12
Q

What is the purpose for dorsiflexion on the lateral ankle view? Choose all that apply.

a.) lower leg and ankle should form 90 degree angle
b.) prevents medial rotation
c.) prevents lateral rotation
d.) lower leg and ankle should form 90 degree angle

A

c.) prevents lateral rotation
d.) lower leg and ankle should form 90 degree angle

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13
Q

Where is the CR directed on the PA projection of a chest radiograph?

a.) t2
b.) t4
c.) t5
d.) t7

A

d.) t7

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14
Q

To decrease the angle between the anterior surface of the foot and anterior surface of the lower leg is described as:

a.) plantar flexion
b.) dorsiflexion
c.) inversion
d.) eversion

A

b.) dorsiflexion

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15
Q

Which projection of the ankle best demonstrates the distal tibiofibular joint?

a.) AP oblique with 45 degree rotation
b.) mortise view
c.) lateromedial ankle
d.) AP projection

A

a.) AP oblique with 45 degree rotation

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16
Q

Which of the following evaluation criteria should be demonstrated on the lateral projection of digits 2-5? Choose all that apply.

a.) lateral distal, middle and proximal phalanges
b.) true lateral is indicated by concave appearance of anterior phalanges
c.) interphalangeal joint open
d.) metacarpophalangeal joint open

A

a.) lateral distal middle and proximal phalanges
b.) true lateral is indicated by concave appearance of anterior phalanges
c.) interphalangeal joint open
d.) metacarpophalangeal joint open

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17
Q

Evaluation Criteria: AP lower leg
1.) proximal and distal articulations of tibia and fibula moderately overlapped
2.) distal fibula lying over posterior fibular head
3.) slight overlap of tibia on proximal fibular head
4.) fibular midshaft free of tibial superimposition
5.) moderate seperation of tibial and fibualr bodies or shafts

a.) 1 and 4
b.) 4 only
c.) 2
d.) 5

A

a.) 1 and 4

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18
Q

Which of the following should be clearly demonstrated on a lateral projection of the lower leg?
1.) knee joint
2.) ankle joint
3.) entire femoral condyles

a.) 1, 2 and 3
b.) 2 and 3
c.) 1 and 3
d.) 1 and 2

A

d.) 1 and 2

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19
Q

For a lateral projection of the ankle, the central ray must enter the:

a.) navicular
b.) lateral malleolus
c.) tibiofibular joint
d.) medial malleolus

A

d.) medial malleolus

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20
Q

Follow up radiographs for a fractured tibia and fibula may include only the joint closest to the site of injury.

a.) true
b.) false

A

a.) true

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21
Q

A correctly positioned lateral ankle will demonstrate the lateral malleolus superimposed over the posterior half of the tibia.

a.) true
b.) false

A

a.) true

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22
Q

Which of the following is the essential lateral projection of the calcaneus?

a.) lateral (lateromedial)
b.) lateral (mediolateral)
c.) lateromedial oblique, weight bearing
d.) lateromedial oblique

A

b.) lateral (mediolateral)

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23
Q

On the anterior surface of the tibia is a prominent process called the:

a.) anterior border
b.) tibial tuberosity
c.) intercondylar eminence
d.) body

A

b.) tibial tuberosity

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24
Q

The lateral ankle projection should be taken _________ degrees from the AP projection.

a.) 145
b.) 75
c.) 90
d.) 45

A

c.) 90

25
Q

A radiograph of a mortise view of the ankle reveals that the lateral malleolus is slightly superimposed over the talus and the lateral joint space is not open. What is most likely the cause for this radiographic outcome?

a.) excessive medial rotation of the foot and ankle
b.) excessive plantar flexion of the foot and ankle
c.) excessive dorsiflexion of the foot and ankle
d.) insuffiecient medial rotation of the foot and ankle

A

d.) insuffiecent medial rotation of the foot and ankle

26
Q

A radiograph of an AP ankle projection reveals that the lateral joint space is not open (lateral malleolus is partially superimposed by the talus). The superior and medial joint spaces are open. What should the technologist do to correct this problem and improve the image?

a.) dorsiflex the foot
b.) rotate the ankle more medially
c.) nothing this is an acceptable image
d.) rotate the ankle laterally

A

c.) nothing this is an acceptable image

27
Q

What is the position of the femoral condyles when the leg is properly positioned for an AP projection?

a.) at a 15 to 20 degree oblique position (laterally)
b.) parallel to the IR
c.) perpendicular to the IR
d.) at a 15 to 20 degree oblique position (medially)

A

b.) parallel to the IR

28
Q

Which projection will clearly demonstrate the joint spaces between the talus and both malleoli?

a.) AP
b.) AP oblique, 45 degree external rotation
c.) AP oblique, 15 to 20 degree internal rotation
d.) AP oblique, 45 degree internal rotation

A

c.) AP oblique, 15 to 20 degree internal rotation

29
Q

Evaluation Criteria: Lateral Ankle
1.) distal tibia and fibula, talus, calcaneus and adjacent tarsals
2.) tibiotalar joint well visualized
3.) fibula over posterior half of tibia
4.) navicular and cuboid should not be visualized

A

1
2
3

30
Q

Which of the following forms the ankle mortise?
1.) lateral malleolus of the fibula
2.) medial malleolus of the tibia
3.) inferior surface of the tibia

a.) 1 and 3
b.) 1 and 2
c.) 2 and 3
d.) 1, 2 and 3

A

d.) 1, 2 and 3

31
Q

Which of the following is true, for an AP ankle image, the:
1.) intermalleolar line is aligned parallel with the IR
2.) lateral malleolus is positioned more posterior than the medial malleolus
3.) long axis of the foot is positioned perpendicular to the IR
4.) central ray is centered at the level of the medial malleolus

a.) 1 and 3
b.) 2 and 3
c.) 1 and 4
d.) 1, 2 and 3

A

b.) 2 and 3

32
Q

Which of the following objects should be available in the radiography room for performing radiographs of the lower limb?
1.) angle sponges
2.) sandbags
3.) pull straps

a.) 2 and 3
b.) 1 and 3
c.) 1, 2 and 3
d.) 1 and 2

A

c.) 1, 2 and 3

33
Q

Evaluation Criteria: Axial Heel

1.) no rotation of heel
2.) tuberosity in profile
3.) open talocalcaneal joint
4.) calcaneus and subtalar joint
5.) sinus tarsi open

a.) 1 only
b.) 1 and 3 only
c.) 2 and 5
d.) 1, 3 and 4

A

d.) 1, 3 and 4

34
Q

The medial malleolus is part of the:

a.) calcaneus
b.) tibia
c.) fibula
d.) talus

A

b.) tibia

35
Q

The foot must be force dorsiflexed so the long axis of the foot is perpendicular to the image receptor for AP and mortise projections of the ankle.

a.) true
b.) false

A

b.) false

36
Q

What is the purpose for weight bearing ankle view?

a.) identify any widening of ankle joint space
b.) identify any ankle fractures
c.) narrowing of ankle joint space
d.) ankle joint closed

A

c.) narrowing of ankle joint space

37
Q

Clubfoot is also called:

a.) congentital hip dysplasia
b.) talipes equinovirus
c.) trimalleolar fracture
d.) none of the above

A

b.) talups equinovirus

38
Q

Which of the following is not clearly demonstrated on an AP projection of the ankle?

a.) tibiofibular overlapping
b.) lateral malleoli
c.) tibiatalar
d.) ankle mortise

A

d.) ankle mortise

39
Q

A correctly positioned AP 45 degree medial oblique ankle projection frequently may also demonstrate a fracture of the base of the fifth metatarsal if present.

a.) true
b.) false

A

a.) true

40
Q

What is the purpose for the AP stress views of the ankle?

a.) to demonstrate possible joint seperations or ligament tear
b.) to demonstrate tears in the joint meniscus
c.) to demonstrate loose bodies in ankle joint
d.) to demonstrate possible stress fractures

A

a.) to demonstrate possible joint seperations or ligament tear

41
Q

To prevent lateral rotation how should the foot be positioned for a lateral projection of the ankle?

a.) in dorsiflexion
b.) on a 10 degree angle wedge
c.) on a 15 degree angle wedge
d.) in plantar flexion

A

a.) in dorsiflexion

42
Q

Which of the following evaluation criteria are demonstrated on PA hand projection? Choose all that apply.

a.) PA of entire hand
b.) 1/2’’ of distal forearm
c.) 1’’ of distal forearm
d.) oblique view of the thumb

A

a.) PA of entire hand
c.) 1’’ of distal forearm
d.) oblique view of the thumb

43
Q

How many bones make up the lower leg?

a.) 4
b.) 3
c.) 2
d.) 5

A

c.) 2

44
Q

For a lateral ankle image, the:

a.) the plantar surface of the foot is aligned parallel with the IR
b.) CR enters 1’’ distal to the medial malleolus
c.) medial and lateral malleoli are superimposed
d.) femoral epicondyles are perpendicular to the IR

A

c.) medial and lateral malleoli are superimposed

45
Q

Evaluation Criteria: Lateral Heel

1.) no rotation of the heel
2.) tuberosity in profile
3.) first or fifth metatarsals not projected to sides of foot
4.) calcaneus and subtalar joint
5.) sinus tarsi open

a.) 1, 2 and 5
b.) 1 only
c.) 2 and 4
d.) 5 only

A

a.) 1, 2 and 5

46
Q

Extending the ankle joint or pulling the foot and toes back toward the ankle and lower leg is called:

a.) inversion
b.) plantar flexion
c.) eversion
d.) dorsiflexion

A

d.) dorsiflexion

47
Q

Evaluation Criteria: AP ankle

1.) medial and lateral malleoli
2.) distal 1/3 of the tib-fib
3.) talus
4.) proximal half of metatarsals
5.) medial mortise is open
6.) lateral mortise closed
7.) talus with proper brightness
8.) tibiotalar joint space
9.) slight superimposition of distal fibula by distal tibia and talus

a.) 1
b.) 2
c.) 4 and 6
d.) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9

A

d.) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9

48
Q

Where does the central ray enter on the axial projection of the calcaneus?

a.) base of the fifth metatarsal
b.) basae of the third metatarsal
c.) mid heel
d.) mid metatarsals

A

b.) base of the third metatarsal

49
Q

Which structure or bone contains the sustentaculum tali?

a.) base of the fifth metatarsal
b.) talus
c.) calcaneus
d.) tibia

A

c.) calcaneus

50
Q

Which projections of the ankle are performed on a patient following an inversion or eversion injury?

a.) AP stress studies
b.) AP, lateral and both obliques
c.) AP and lateral
d.) AP and both obliques

A

a.) AP stress studies

51
Q

The proximal end of the tibia presents two prominent processes called the:

a.) tuberosities
b.) malleoli
c.) condyles
d.) tubercles

A

c.) condyles

52
Q

The fibula articulates with the tibia at the:
1.) distal end
2.) proximal end
3.) posterior surface

a.) 1 and 2
b.) 2 and 3
c.) 1, 2 and 3

A

a.) 1 and 2

53
Q

The medial and lateral oblique projections of the ankle require the leg and foot to be rotated how many degrees?

a.) 20 degrees
b.) 45 degrees
c.) 15 degrees
d.) 15 to 20 degrees

A

b.) 45 degrees

54
Q

What is the position of the femoral condyles when the leg is properly positioned for and AP lower leg projection?

a.) parallel to the IR
b.) at a 15 to 20 degree oblique position medially
c.) at a 15 to 20 degree oblique position laterally
d.) perpenducular to the IR

A

a.) parallel to the IR

55
Q

How should IR be placed to include injury to the knee or lower leg exam?

a.) IR should be placed in the center of the lower leg
b.) 14 x 17 IR should include knee and lower leg
c.) 10 x 12 IR should include knee and lower leg
d.) 14 x 17 should include the ankle joint

A

b.) 14 x 17 should include knee and lower leg

56
Q

Evaluation Criteria: Lower Leg

1.) proximal and distal articulations of tibia and fibula moderately overlapped
2.) distal fibula lying over posterior half of tibia
3.) overlap of tibia on proximal fibular head
4.) fibular mid shaft free of tibial superimposition
5.) seperation of tibial and fibular bodies or shafts

a.) 2 only
b.) 2 and 3
c.) 3 only
d.) 2, 3 and 5

A

d.) 2, 3 and 5

57
Q

For an axial projection of the calcaneus, the ankle should be dorsiflexed so the plantar surface of the foot is:

a.) perpendicular to the IR
b.) 70 degrees from the plane of the IR
c.) parallel with central ray
d.) 80 degrees from the plane of the IR

A

a.) perpendicular to the IR

58
Q

The bony projection on the upper medial aspect of the calcaneus that creates a shelf to hold the head of the talus is the:

a.) talocalcaneal projection
b.) tuberosity
c.) sustentaculum tali
d.) calcaneal sulcus

A

c.) sustentaculum tali

Procedures 2 (Radiography) (31 decks)

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