Lumbar Osce

Question 1

Postural curve

Answer 1

Lordosis

Question 2

Bony points

Answer 2

Transverse processes
Spinous processes
L4

Question 3

Ligaments/soft tissues

Answer 3

Anterior longitudinal 
Posterior longitudinal 
Ligamentum flavum 
Interspinous 
Supraspinous 
Thoracolumbar fascia 
Rectus sheath

Question 4

Muscles

Answer 4

Rectus abdominus 
Transversus abdominus 
External obliques 
Internal obliques 
Quadratus lumborum

Question 5

Joints

Answer 5

Intervertebral

Facet

Question 6

Facet orientation

Answer 6

Vertically - sagittal plane

Question 7

Transverse processes

Answer 7

Projects laterally from junction of pedicels and lamina

Question 8

Spinous processes

Answer 8

Projects dorsally and sometimes inferiorly

Question 9

Posterior longitudinal

Answer 9

long
runs posterior to vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs
Extends from back of sacrum and gradually broadens

Question 10

Anterior longitudinal

Answer 10

runs down anterior surface of spine, all vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs on ventral side

Question 11

Ligamentum flavum

Answer 11

short but thick ligt, connects lamina over adjacent vertebrae, preserves upright posture and assists vertebral column in resuming shape after flexion

Question 12

Interspinous

Answer 12

connects spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae

Question 13

Supraspinous

Answer 13

connects tips of adjacent spinous processes

Question 14

Rectus sheath

Answer 14

anterolateral abdominal wall
anterior layer – EO & IO
posterior layer - IO & TA
layers interlace at midline – linea Alba

Question 15

Thoracolumbar fascia

Answer 15

posterior layer – superficial TP erector spinae & attached to sp
middle layer – between erector spinae and quadratus lumborum attached to transverse tips
anterior layer – deep to quadratus lumborum, attached to ant. Of TP

Question 16

Intervertebral joints

Answer 16

articulations between the vertebral bodies

symphysis secondary cartilaginous

Question 17

Facet joints

Answer 17

superior articular facet on the vertebrae below articulates with the inferior articular facet on the vertebrae above
Synovial hinge joint

Question 18

Rectus abdominus

Answer 18

O: xiphoid process, 5th-7th costal cartilages
I: pubic symphysis, pubic crest
Anterior rami T6-T12

Question 19

Transversus abdominus

Answer 19

O: internal surface 7th-12th ribs and their costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and lateral 1/3 inguinal ligament
I: linea alba via rectus sheath and pectin pubis
L1 nerve
Anterior rami T7-T12

Question 20

External obliques

Answer 20

O: 5th-12th ribs and costal cartilages
I: rectus sheath via linea Alba, pubic tubercles to ASIS, anterior 2/3 iliac crest
Anterior rami T7-T12

Question 21

Internal obliques

Answer 21

O: lower border of the 10th-12th ribs, linea Alba via rectus sheath, pectin pubis
I: lateral 2/3 inguinal ligament, thoracolumbar fascia
L1 nerve, anterior rami T7-T12

Question 22

Quadratus lumborum

Answer 22

O: medial 1/2 lower border 12th rib
I: transverse process of lumbar vertebrae, iliolumbar and iliac crest
Ventral roots T12-L4

Question 23

Rectus abdominus movements

Answer 23

trunk flexion, contralateral rotation, ipsilateral lateral flexion, posterior pelvic rotation

Question 24

Transversus abdominus movements

Answer 24

raises intra-abdominal pressure and stabilising muscle of lumbar spine/ trunk

Question 25

External obliques movements

Answer 25

fixed pelvis - contralateral rotation, trunk flexion, lateral flexion
fixed shoulders - ipsilateral side flexion, posterior pelvic tilt

Question 26

Quadratus lumborum movements

Answer 26

muscle of inspiration, ipsilateral side flexion, lumbar extension

Question 27

Internal obliques movements

Answer 27

fixed shoulders - posterior pelvic tilt, ipsilateral side flexion, bilateral trunk rotation
Fixed pelvis - contralateral rotation, bilateral posterior rotation of pelvis