Cervical Osce

Question 1

Postural curve

Answer 1

Lordosis

Question 2

Ligaments/soft tissues

Answer 2

Transverse ligament
Apical
Alar
Tectorial membrane

Question 3

Joints

Answer 3

Intervertebral 
Facet 
Lushka 
Atlanto-occipital 
Atlanto-axial (lat,med)

Question 4

Muscles

Answer 4

Sternocleidomastoid
Upper trapezius
Levator scapulae
Scalene

Question 5

Facet orientation

Answer 5

Horizontal - frontal plane

Question 6

Bony points

Answer 6

Spinous process
Transverse process
Odontoid process
Uncinate process

Question 7

Transverse ligament

Answer 7

divides the ring of the atlas into two, compartments are the anterior dens and the posterior spinal cord

Question 8

Alar ligament

Answer 8

attached either side of the dens, attached to the medial aspect of the occiput, relaxed in extension and taut in flexion, prevents distraction of C1 and C2

Question 9

Apical ligament

Answer 9

apex of the dens to the foramen Magnum

Question 10

Tectorial membrane

Answer 10

covers odontoid process and its ligaments it’s continuous with the posterior longitudinal ligament which is found on the internal surface of intervertebral canal, arises from the surface of the axis attaches to the groove of the occipital bone

Question 11

Odontoid process

Answer 11

also known as dens process, protuberance of the axis (2nd vertebrae), shallow groove for the transverse ligament which keeps the process in its position, the apex of the dens is pointed so it is an attachment for the apical ligament

Question 12

Uncinate processes

Answer 12

associated with joints of lushka which are bony protuberances on the end plates of the C vertebrae

Question 13

Intervertebral joints

Answer 13

Articulations between the vertebral bodies

Secondary cartilaginous symphysis

Question 14

Facet joints

Answer 14

Superior articular facet on vertebrae below articulates with the inferior articular facet on the vertebrae above
Synovial hinge

Question 15

Joints of lushka

Answer 15

articular surfaces of uncinate processes of the inferior aspect of the vertebrae above
Synovial plane

Question 16

Atlanto-occipital

Answer 16

Articular surfaces of the occipital condyles and the superior articular facet of the atlas
Synovial ellipsoid
- 2 degrees of freedom

Question 17

Atlanto-axial

Answer 17

synovial pivot joint
Lat - Two concave facets of the atlas articulate with the two convex facets of the axis
They’re concave in an AP direction which allows rotation
Med - Articulations of the posterior surface of the anterior arch of the atlas and the front of the odontoid process
Anterior surface of the transverse ligament and the back of the odontoid process

Question 18

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 18

O: sternal head - anterior surface of manubrium
Clavicular head - medial 2/3 clavicle
I: superior nucheal line
NS: X1 cranial nerve (motor), ventral rami C3 (sensory)

Question 19

Upper trapezius

Answer 19

O: occipital protuberance of occipital bone, superior nucheal line, supraspinous ligament, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes C7-T12
I: lateral 1/3 clavicle
NS: accessory nerve, cervical spinal nerves C3-4

Question 20

Levator scapulae

Answer 20

O: C1-C4 transverse processes
I: medial border of scapula between superior angle and root of spine of scapula
NS: Dorsal scapula nerve C5

Question 21

Scalene

Answer 21

O: ant- TP C3-6, med- TP C1-7, post- TP C4-6
I: ant- 1st rib, med- 1st rib, post- 2nd rib
NS: ventral rami, ant- C4-6, med- C3-8, post- C6-8

Question 22

Sternocleidomastoid movements

Answer 22

Uni - contralateral rotation, ipsilateral side flexion

Bi - flexion of C spine

Question 23

Upper trapezius movements

Answer 23

Extension
Lateral flexion
Elevation of shoulder girdle

Question 24

Levator scapulae movements

Answer 24

Lateral flexion
Extension
Resist depression holding a weight

Question 25

Scalene movements

Answer 25

Uni - ipsilateral side flexion
Bi - cervical flexion
Accessory muscle of respiration - elevates first rib