Cervical Osce Flashcards
Postural curve
Lordosis
Ligaments/soft tissues
Transverse ligament
Apical
Alar
Tectorial membrane
Joints
Intervertebral Facet Lushka Atlanto-occipital Atlanto-axial (lat,med)
Muscles
Sternocleidomastoid
Upper trapezius
Levator scapulae
Scalene
Facet orientation
Horizontal - frontal plane
Bony points
Spinous process
Transverse process
Odontoid process
Uncinate process
Transverse ligament
divides the ring of the atlas into two, compartments are the anterior dens and the posterior spinal cord
Alar ligament
attached either side of the dens, attached to the medial aspect of the occiput, relaxed in extension and taut in flexion, prevents distraction of C1 and C2
Apical ligament
apex of the dens to the foramen Magnum
Tectorial membrane
covers odontoid process and its ligaments it’s continuous with the posterior longitudinal ligament which is found on the internal surface of intervertebral canal, arises from the surface of the axis attaches to the groove of the occipital bone
Odontoid process
also known as dens process, protuberance of the axis (2nd vertebrae), shallow groove for the transverse ligament which keeps the process in its position, the apex of the dens is pointed so it is an attachment for the apical ligament
Uncinate processes
associated with joints of lushka which are bony protuberances on the end plates of the C vertebrae
Intervertebral joints
Articulations between the vertebral bodies
Secondary cartilaginous symphysis
Facet joints
Superior articular facet on vertebrae below articulates with the inferior articular facet on the vertebrae above
Synovial hinge
Joints of lushka
articular surfaces of uncinate processes of the inferior aspect of the vertebrae above
Synovial plane
Atlanto-occipital
Articular surfaces of the occipital condyles and the superior articular facet of the atlas
Synovial ellipsoid
- 2 degrees of freedom
Atlanto-axial
synovial pivot joint
Lat - Two concave facets of the atlas articulate with the two convex facets of the axis
They’re concave in an AP direction which allows rotation
Med - Articulations of the posterior surface of the anterior arch of the atlas and the front of the odontoid process
Anterior surface of the transverse ligament and the back of the odontoid process
Sternocleidomastoid
O: sternal head - anterior surface of manubrium
Clavicular head - medial 2/3 clavicle
I: superior nucheal line
NS: X1 cranial nerve (motor), ventral rami C3 (sensory)
Upper trapezius
O: occipital protuberance of occipital bone, superior nucheal line, supraspinous ligament, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes C7-T12
I: lateral 1/3 clavicle
NS: accessory nerve, cervical spinal nerves C3-4
Levator scapulae
O: C1-C4 transverse processes
I: medial border of scapula between superior angle and root of spine of scapula
NS: Dorsal scapula nerve C5
Scalene
O: ant- TP C3-6, med- TP C1-7, post- TP C4-6
I: ant- 1st rib, med- 1st rib, post- 2nd rib
NS: ventral rami, ant- C4-6, med- C3-8, post- C6-8
Sternocleidomastoid movements
Uni - contralateral rotation, ipsilateral side flexion
Bi - flexion of C spine
Upper trapezius movements
Extension
Lateral flexion
Elevation of shoulder girdle
Levator scapulae movements
Lateral flexion
Extension
Resist depression holding a weight
Scalene movements
Uni - ipsilateral side flexion
Bi - cervical flexion
Accessory muscle of respiration - elevates first rib
