Joints

Question 1

What type of joint is a Intervertebral joints

Answer 1

Secondary cartilaginous symphysis

Question 2

Describe the articulate surfaces of the intervertebral joints

Answer 2

Where the adjacent vertebral body directly above articulates with the vertebral body below

Question 3

What type of joint is a facet/zygapophyseal joint

Answer 3

Synovial hinge joint

Question 4

What are the articulate surfaces of facet joint

Answer 4

Synovial joint between arches.
Articular facet on superior process of vertebrae below articulate with the articular facet of inferior process of vertebrae above
Facet joint in lumbar is vertical/in sagittal plane so allows for flexion and extension

Question 5

What are the three ligaments that support the joints in the lumbar region

Answer 5

Interspinous
Supraspinous
Ligamentum flavum

Question 6

L: Name the structure that passes through the vertebral arch in this region

Answer 6

Spinal nerve roots

Spinal cord

Question 7

T: With reference to the joints of the thoracic vertebrae and the ribs state the type of joint

Answer 7

Costovertebral

Synovial plane joint

Question 8

T: Name the articulate surfaces of the costovertebral joint

Answer 8

Two articular facets on the head of the rib join with the two articular facets on the vertebrae above and below
Proximal end of the ribs correspond with the vertebrae enclosing the thoracic cage from posterior side

Question 9

T: State the type of joint of the costotransverse

Answer 9

Synovial plane joint

Question 10

T: Name the articular surfaces of the costotransverse joints

Answer 10

Transverse costal facet on transverse process on the vertebrae on the same level joins to the articular facet on the tubercle of the rib

Question 11

T: Briefly describe the movement at these joints (ct & cv) during quiet respiration

Answer 11

Pump handle and bucket handle

Movements are limited to small gliding and rotation at the rib head

Question 12

T: with reference to the vertebral column describe the articular surfaces of the facet joints between the 5th and 6th vertebrae

Answer 12

Synovial hinge joint
Synovial joint between arches
The articular facet on the superior process of the vertebrae below with the articular facet on the inferior process of the vertebrae above
T: superior facet of the inferior vertebrae is flat in thoracic region, the opposing inferior facet of the superior vertebrae is concave and forms an arch
Thoracic vertebrae angled 60 degrees transverse and 20 degrees to the frontal plane

Question 13

T: Explain how the direction of the articular surfaces influence the movement at this joint (5th & 6th)

Answer 13

The superior facets face posteriorly and up and the inferior facets face down and medially
In the thoracic spine the facet joints are in the frontal plane which allows for greater rotation and lateral flexion
In the lower thoracic spine the facet joints face more in sagittal plane which allows for more flexion and extension

Question 14

T:Name three ligaments that support the facet joints in the thoracic spine

Answer 14

Posterior longitudinal
Anterior longitudinal
Ligamentum flavum

Question 15

T: list the movements that occur at the thoracic spine

Answer 15

Rotation
Side/lateral flexion
Flexion
Slight extension

Question 16

T: What type of joint is the costochondral joint

Answer 16

Primary cartilaginous Synchondrosis joint

Question 17

T: State the articular surfaces of the costochondral joint

Answer 17

Joints of the thoracic wall that connect the sternal end of the rib to their respective costal cartilage

Question 18

C: With reference to the lower cervical spine region C3-T1 list the joints of this region

Answer 18

Intervertebral
Facet
Lushka

Question 19

C: State the movements of the neck in this region

Answer 19

Rotation
Flexion
Extension
Lateral flexion

Question 20

C: briefly describe the uncovertebral / Lushka joint: include position, type of joint and its articular surfaces

Answer 20

Synovial plane joint
Articular processes are the uncinate processes of C3-C7 and the inferior aspect of the vertebrae above
Position of the joint is located on each side of the 4 cervical discs between C3 and C7

Question 21

C: list three ligaments that support the vertebral arch in this region (lower region)

Answer 21

Posterior longitudinal
Anterior longitudinal
Ligamentum flavum

Question 22

C: State the type of the joint of the atlanto-occipital joint

Answer 22

Synovial ellipsoid/condyloid

Question 23

C: Breifly describe the articular surfaces of the Atlanto-occipital joint

Answer 23

Articular surfaces of the occipital condyles and the superior articular facet of the atlas

Question 24

C: list three ligaments associated with this joint - Atlanto-occipital

Answer 24

Alar
Apical
Transverse

Question 25

C: name to movements that occur at this joint (Atlanto-occipital)

Answer 25

Flexion/extension
Lateral flexion
Ellipsoid so only two degrees of freedom

Question 26

C: State the type of joint Atlanto-axial joint

Answer 26

Synovial pivot

Question 27

C: State the position of the articulating surfaces of the lateral Atlanto-axial joint

Answer 27

Two concave facets of the atlas articulate with the two convex facets of the axis
They’re concave in an AP direction which allows rotation

Question 28

C: State the position of the articulating surfaces of the medial Atlanto-axial joint

Answer 28

Articulations of the posterior surface of the anterior arch of the atlas and the front of the odontoid process
Anterior surface of the transverse ligament and the back of the odontoid process

Question 29

C: state the three ligaments/membranes associated with this joint

Answer 29

Apical
Alar
Tectorial membrane

Question 30

C: name the movement at this joint

Answer 30

Rotation