Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

FHB - Endocrine & Reproductive > Lucture 3 (70): Hypothalamus Pituitary Relationship > Flashcards

Lucture 3 (70): Hypothalamus Pituitary Relationship Flashcards

1
Q

The following describes what part of the hypothalamus:

  1. Floor of hypothalamus
  2. Convergence point for axons
  3. Outside of BBB

Hormones reside in nuclei, but AXONS extend all the way down here.

A

MEDIAN EMMINENCE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is thirst stimulated?

A

PVN

  • paraventricular nucleus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hypothalamic releasing factors all target the _____ pituitary.

A

ANTERIOR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

CELL BODY resides in the Nuclei

AXONS MOVE INTO THE ________.

A

MEDIAN EMMINENCE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the structure of GnRH?

A

Decapeptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

GnRh:

Cell bodies scattered throughout _____.

Largest concentration in ____.

Very long axons extend towards _____.

A
  1. Forebran
  2. POA
  3. Median Emminence

Relatively few (~ 1500-2000) in humans (compared to 100 billion total neurons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

State the following for Kallman Syndrome:

  1. What neurons fail to enter CNS?
  2. What are 2 characterized symptoms?
A

GnRH neurons fail to enter CNS

Characterized by reproductive failure and anosmia

Heritable: X-linked = Kal1, autosomal = Kal2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hypophysial Portal System, what is it?

A

What is it?

Vascular connection between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hypophysial Portal System, what is it?

How was it discovered?

A

What is it?

Vascular connection between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.

How was it discovered?

When pituitaries were transplanted in other locations they stopped secreting hormones.
Once re-implanted they only worked if vascular system was re-established.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why is GnRH pulsatility important?

A 
PULSES occur (not continuously produced) 
- VERY IMPORTANT!!!

when given in continuous way it DOESN’T work
down regulates & desensitizes receptors

need turnover of receptor to be available for more hormone to come in!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

GnRH and LH pulsatility does not match. True or False

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

WHat 2 hormones is GnRH responsible for releasing?

What determines which gonadotropin subunit is released?

A
  1. LH
  2. FSH

PULSE frequencey

higher frequency = LH

lower = FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Slow fréquence = (LH/FSH released)?

Fast?

A

FAST = LH produced more than FSH

SLOW = FSH over LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

IP3/Calcium causes hormone release or synthesis?

DAG/PKC cause hormone release or synthesis?

A
  1. Release

2. Synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

IP3/Calcium causes hormone release or synthesis of LH/FSH?

DAG/PKC cause hormone release or synthesis of LH/FSH from GnRH?

A
  1. Release

2. Synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the tuberoinfundibulnar system?

A

comprises all neurons that send axonal
projections to the median eminence.

Hormones target the ANTERIOR pituitary through the capillary system (endocrine)

17
Q

What is the Neurohypophysial Tract?

A

Neurohypophysial Tract – comprises neurons whose axons terminate in the posterior pituitary.

18
Q

Where is the anterior pituitary located? What does it inpinge upon in the case of Pituitary Adenomas?

A
  1. Sella Turcica

2. Optic CHiasm

19
Q

Adenohypophysis, or _____ is made of what?

Neurohypophysis or _____ is made of what?

A
  1. Anterior pituitary - glandular tissue = cords of epithelial cells
  2. Neural tissue = terminal axons and glial cells
20
Q

Anterior pituitary is

  1. Pars distalis or Pars nervosa?
A

Pars Distalis

Posterior Pititary is Pars nervosa

21
Q

Posterior Pituitary:

Axons from ______ neurons terminate in neurohypophysis (“neurohypophysial tract”).

Receives blood supply from where?

What 2 major hormones are released from the posterior pituitary?

A

Magnocellular

  1. Blood supply from inferior hypophysial artery – has its own capillary bed. (separate from anterior pituitary)
  2. AVP
  3. Oxytocin

-neuronal cell bodies in hypothalamus
but released into Pos. Pituitary

22
Q

What are 2 major structures of the posterior pituitary?

A
  1. Pituicytes
  2. Fenestrated Capillaries

PITUICYTES - like the glial cells in the brain
-supply nutrients

23
Q

The following describes the anterior or posterior pituitary:

  1. Magnocellular neurons in hypothalamus
  2. Neurohypophyseal Tract (axonal transport)
  3. Posterior Pituitary (OT, AVP, NP)

WHERE DO THE AXONS TERMINATE?

A

POSTERIOR

  • Pars Nervosa
  • axons terminate near fenestrated capillaries

NP =NP = copeptide associated with Oxytocin and AVP

24
Q

What are 3 major structures of the posterior pituitary?

A
  1. Pituicytes
  2. Fenestrated Capillaries
  3. HERRING bodies (axon terminals)

PITUICYTES - like the glial cells in the brain
-supply nutrients

25
What are the herring bodies? Where are they located?
PARS NERVOSA - dilations of unmyelinated axons near their terminals. - Contain vesicles of either AVP or Oxytocin plus a binding protein, neurophysin. (NP) AXON TERMINALS = herring bodies
26
_____ is the interface for all hypophysiotrophic hormones. Where does it lie?
Median eminence (ME) ME lies outside the blood brain barrier and forms the floor of the 3rd ventricle.
27
What are the major cell types in theAnterior pituitary? Posterior
1. Acidophils --> POSTERIOR 2. Basophils --> ANTERIOR 3. Chromophobes --> paracrine action
28
State the components of the following: 1. Acidophils (2 types & hormone) 2. Basophils (3 types and hormones) 3. Chromophobes
``` Somatotrophs = growth hormone (GH) Lactotrophs = prolactin (lactation) ``` Basophils: B-FLAT: 1. FSH - gonadotrophes 2. LH - gonadotrophes 3. ACTH - corticotrophes 4. TSH - thyrotrophes
29
What is responsible for synthesizing and secreting LH/FSH, TSH, GH, ACTH, and prolactin?
ANterior Pituitary FLAT PiG
30
Which of the following are Basophils: 1. ACTH 2. LH/FSH 3. TSH 4. GH 5. Prolactin
1. ACTH 2. LH/FSH 3. TSH GH and Prolactin are Acidophils
31
The most abundant cells in the pituitary are which? Which hormones are associated with these?
Acidophils - GH and Prolactin (Gh = 40%)
32
Describe the series of secretion of ACTH/TSH/LH/FSH/GH/PL
1. Hypothalamus (parvocellualr) 2. Median emminence --> sent to LONG PORTAL VEINS (hypophyseal portal system) 3. Anterior Pituitary 4. ACTH/TSH/LH/FSH/GH/PL 5. Systemic circulation
33
When do the following peak: 1. GH 2. ACTH 3. Melatonin
1. GH - 12 am (at NIGHT) 2. ACTH - 8am (mirrors cortisol --> determines when you wake in the morning) 3. Melatonin - middle of the night
34
What nuclei are the following located in: 1. GnRH 2. CRH 3. TRH 4. GHRH 5. Somatostatin 6. Dopamine
1. GnRH - POA 2. CRH - PVN 3. TRH - PVN 4. GHRH - Arcuate Nucleus 5. Somatostatin - PeVN 6. Dopamine - Arcuate nucleus

FHB - Endocrine & Reproductive (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions