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FHB - Endocrine & Reproductive > Lucture 3 (70): Hypothalamus Pituitary Relationship > Flashcards

Lucture 3 (70): Hypothalamus Pituitary Relationship Flashcards

1
Q

The following describes what part of the hypothalamus:

  1. Floor of hypothalamus
  2. Convergence point for axons
  3. Outside of BBB

Hormones reside in nuclei, but AXONS extend all the way down here.

A

MEDIAN EMMINENCE

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2
Q

Where is thirst stimulated?

A

PVN

  • paraventricular nucleus
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3
Q

Hypothalamic releasing factors all target the _____ pituitary.

A

ANTERIOR

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4
Q

CELL BODY resides in the Nuclei

AXONS MOVE INTO THE ________.

A

MEDIAN EMMINENCE

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5
Q

What is the structure of GnRH?

A

Decapeptide

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6
Q

GnRh:

Cell bodies scattered throughout _____.

Largest concentration in ____.

Very long axons extend towards _____.

A
  1. Forebran
  2. POA
  3. Median Emminence

Relatively few (~ 1500-2000) in humans (compared to 100 billion total neurons)

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7
Q

State the following for Kallman Syndrome:

  1. What neurons fail to enter CNS?
  2. What are 2 characterized symptoms?
A

GnRH neurons fail to enter CNS

Characterized by reproductive failure and anosmia

Heritable: X-linked = Kal1, autosomal = Kal2

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8
Q

Hypophysial Portal System, what is it?

A

What is it?

Vascular connection between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.

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9
Q

Hypophysial Portal System, what is it?

How was it discovered?

A

What is it?

Vascular connection between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.

How was it discovered?

When pituitaries were transplanted in other locations they stopped secreting hormones.
Once re-implanted they only worked if vascular system was re-established.

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10
Q

Why is GnRH pulsatility important?

A 
PULSES occur (not continuously produced) 
- VERY IMPORTANT!!!

when given in continuous way it DOESN’T work
down regulates & desensitizes receptors

need turnover of receptor to be available for more hormone to come in!

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11
Q

GnRH and LH pulsatility does not match. True or False

A

FALSE

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12
Q

WHat 2 hormones is GnRH responsible for releasing?

What determines which gonadotropin subunit is released?

A
  1. LH
  2. FSH

PULSE frequencey

higher frequency = LH

lower = FSH

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13
Q

Slow fréquence = (LH/FSH released)?

Fast?

A

FAST = LH produced more than FSH

SLOW = FSH over LH

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14
Q

IP3/Calcium causes hormone release or synthesis?

DAG/PKC cause hormone release or synthesis?

A
  1. Release

2. Synthesis

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15
Q

IP3/Calcium causes hormone release or synthesis of LH/FSH?

DAG/PKC cause hormone release or synthesis of LH/FSH from GnRH?

A
  1. Release

2. Synthesis

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16
Q

What is the tuberoinfundibulnar system?

A

comprises all neurons that send axonal
projections to the median eminence.

Hormones target the ANTERIOR pituitary through the capillary system (endocrine)

17
Q

What is the Neurohypophysial Tract?

A

Neurohypophysial Tract – comprises neurons whose axons terminate in the posterior pituitary.

18
Q

Where is the anterior pituitary located? What does it inpinge upon in the case of Pituitary Adenomas?

A
  1. Sella Turcica

2. Optic CHiasm

19
Q

Adenohypophysis, or _____ is made of what?

Neurohypophysis or _____ is made of what?

A
  1. Anterior pituitary - glandular tissue = cords of epithelial cells
  2. Neural tissue = terminal axons and glial cells
20
Q

Anterior pituitary is

  1. Pars distalis or Pars nervosa?
A

Pars Distalis

Posterior Pititary is Pars nervosa

21
Q

Posterior Pituitary:

Axons from ______ neurons terminate in neurohypophysis (“neurohypophysial tract”).

Receives blood supply from where?

What 2 major hormones are released from the posterior pituitary?

A

Magnocellular

  1. Blood supply from inferior hypophysial artery – has its own capillary bed. (separate from anterior pituitary)
  2. AVP
  3. Oxytocin

-neuronal cell bodies in hypothalamus
but released into Pos. Pituitary

22
Q

What are 2 major structures of the posterior pituitary?

A
  1. Pituicytes
  2. Fenestrated Capillaries

PITUICYTES - like the glial cells in the brain
-supply nutrients

23
Q

The following describes the anterior or posterior pituitary:

  1. Magnocellular neurons in hypothalamus
  2. Neurohypophyseal Tract (axonal transport)
  3. Posterior Pituitary (OT, AVP, NP)

WHERE DO THE AXONS TERMINATE?

A

POSTERIOR

  • Pars Nervosa
  • axons terminate near fenestrated capillaries

NP =NP = copeptide associated with Oxytocin and AVP

24
Q

What are 3 major structures of the posterior pituitary?

A
  1. Pituicytes
  2. Fenestrated Capillaries
  3. HERRING bodies (axon terminals)

PITUICYTES - like the glial cells in the brain
-supply nutrients

25
Q

What are the herring bodies? Where are they located?

A

PARS NERVOSA

  • dilations of unmyelinated axons near their terminals.
  • Contain vesicles of either AVP or Oxytocin plus a binding protein, neurophysin. (NP)

AXON TERMINALS = herring bodies

26
Q

_____ is the interface for all hypophysiotrophic hormones.

Where does it lie?

A

Median eminence (ME)

ME lies outside the blood brain barrier and forms the floor of the 3rd ventricle.

27
Q

What are the major cell types in theAnterior pituitary?

Posterior

A
  1. Acidophils –> POSTERIOR
  2. Basophils –> ANTERIOR
  3. Chromophobes –> paracrine action
28
Q

State the components of the following:

  1. Acidophils (2 types & hormone)
  2. Basophils (3 types and hormones)
  3. Chromophobes
A 
Somatotrophs = growth hormone (GH)
Lactotrophs = prolactin (lactation)

Basophils: B-FLAT:

  1. FSH - gonadotrophes
  2. LH - gonadotrophes
  3. ACTH - corticotrophes
  4. TSH - thyrotrophes
29
Q

What is responsible for synthesizing and secreting LH/FSH, TSH, GH, ACTH, and prolactin?

A

ANterior Pituitary

FLAT PiG

30
Q

Which of the following are Basophils:

  1. ACTH
  2. LH/FSH
  3. TSH
  4. GH
  5. Prolactin
A
  1. ACTH
  2. LH/FSH
  3. TSH

GH and Prolactin are Acidophils

31
Q

The most abundant cells in the pituitary are which?

Which hormones are associated with these?

A

Acidophils

  • GH and Prolactin

(Gh = 40%)

32
Q

Describe the series of secretion of ACTH/TSH/LH/FSH/GH/PL

A
  1. Hypothalamus (parvocellualr)
  2. Median emminence –> sent to LONG PORTAL VEINS (hypophyseal portal system)
  3. Anterior Pituitary
  4. ACTH/TSH/LH/FSH/GH/PL
  5. Systemic circulation
33
Q

When do the following peak:

  1. GH
  2. ACTH
  3. Melatonin
A
  1. GH - 12 am (at NIGHT)
  2. ACTH - 8am (mirrors cortisol –> determines when you wake in the morning)
  3. Melatonin - middle of the night
34
Q

What nuclei are the following located in:

  1. GnRH
  2. CRH
  3. TRH
  4. GHRH
  5. Somatostatin
  6. Dopamine
A
  1. GnRH - POA
  2. CRH - PVN
  3. TRH - PVN
  4. GHRH - Arcuate Nucleus
  5. Somatostatin - PeVN
  6. Dopamine - Arcuate nucleus

FHB - Endocrine & Reproductive (17 decks)

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