Conference: Adolescence and Puberty Flashcards
What secretes the following: 1. GnRh 2. Gonadotropins
- Hypothalamus 2. Anterior Pituitary
What is the function of FSH? (males and females for both) What is the function of LH?
FSH: Females - stimulates granulosa Male - stimulate Sertoli cells LH: Females - stimulates THECA Males - stimulates Leydig cells to secrete androgens
What has no role in development of the female GU tract? When does oogenesis occur? What forms at this time?
- Ovaries 2. Occurs between 15-28 weeks of gestation and developing FOLLICLES enter a prolonged prophase (10-45 years)
What are the ‘nurse’ cells in that testis? Leydig Cells disappear and reappear when? What do they produce?
- Sertoli cells - MIF –> regression of mullein duct - H-Y - Inhibin - Tight Junctions 2. Leydig cells disappear after birth and reappear before puberty - form TESTOSTERONE
Testosterone: 1. Has direct actions on ____ and ____ tissue 2. Stimulates differentiation of ______ into epidydimus, vas deferent, and seminal vesicles 3. In puberty, T with or without DHT causes what? 4. T is converted into what 2 things?
- Fetal & adult 2. Wollfian Duct 3. secondary sexual characteristics and pubertal growth spurt (testosterone) 4. T converted to DHT and 5-alpha-androstanediol
_____ is required in the fetus for differentiation of the genital tubercle into the genital swellings, folds, UG sinus into the penis scrotum, and prostate respectively.
DHT!!!
______ differentiates into the following: fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and upper vagina _____ into seminiferous tubules, rate testes, ductus efferents, epididymus, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands.
- Mullerian Duct 2. Wolfian Duct
What is the term for the transition from non-reproductive to reproductive status? What does it require?
PUBERTY Requires intact hypothalamus, pituitary, and gonadal development and communication.
Pre- Puberty: What explains the low levels of BOTH FSH and LH AND GnRh? What does gradual onset of maturation on hypothalamus lead to increased synthesis of? As puberty approaches, pulsatile release of ____ and ____ occur
- Either negative feedback system is inoperative OR the pituitary and hypothalamus are insensitive to testosterone, INHIBIN, and ESTRADIOL 2. Increased synthesis and release of GnRH!! 3. FSH and LH
Onset of Puberty: Timing ranges from _____ What does timing of development depend on? Who starts puberty 2 years earlier, girls or boys? When do girls start puberty?
- 9-17 years old 2. genetics, race, and nutritional status 3. Girls start puberty 2 years BEFORE BOYS 4. 8-10 years
Female: 1. Pituitary hormone secretion stimulates ____ and ____ glands 2. Breast budding ______ and pubic hair _____ first appear 3. Development of what coincides with the first detectable increase in plasma Estradial (E2)? 4. Menarche (first menses) usually occurs between what ages? 5. No menarche 2.5 years after _____ is considered abnormal.
- Ovaries and Adrenal glands 2. THELARCE = breast budding ADRENARCHE = pubic hair 3. THELARCE considers with plasma E2 - no thelarche by age 13 is considered “delayed” 4. 11- 14 years old (changed from 14.5 years in 1900 to 12.5 years in 1990) 5. THELARCHE
Menarche is delayed in what type of patients? (2) Accelerated in? (2)
- Undernourshed patients 2. Frequent strenous exercise 1. Obesity 2. Blindness
Male onset of puberty at _____ years. Complete sexual functioning by _____ years. What is normal variability? Pituitary hormone secretion stimulates ___ and ____ The first and most important sign is what? (due to increased FSH production) This correlates with increased volume of _______
- 10-11 years 2. 15-17 years Normal variability: onset early as 8 years, and completion as late as 20 3. Pituitary hormone stimules TESTES and ADRENAL glands 4. Enlargement of the testes (increased FSH) - increased volume of seminiferous tubules
Males - Puberty: What 3 things are needed to stimulate testosterone synthesis? Once this has initiated, what can occur?
- FSH 2. LH 3. leydig cells Primary and Secondary sex characteristics can occur
When does spermatogenesis begin? Although erections can occur from birth, the ability to ejaculate semen does not occur until ______ What else occurs?
13 years 12-15 years Scrotal skin darkening, larynx enlargement, testes enlargement, penis enlargement, body hair, and facial hair appears