LTM - Tulving 1972 Flashcards
Episodic memory is a mental diary whereas semantic memory is a
mental encyclopaedia
Semantic memory is independent of
time referencing
Episodic memory is dependent on
time and context
Input is continuous in episodic memory whereas it
can be fragmentary in semantic memory
Memory traces are more robust and less susceptible to transformation in
semantic memory
In episodic memory, forgetting is due to
retrieval cue failure
Memory traces can be transformed/changed in
episodic memory
Semantic memory can operate independently
of episodic memory whereas episodic memory is unlikely to operate independently of semantic memory
Godden and Baddeley 1975 found that
when scuba divers learned and recalled a list of words underwater or on land, they performed twice as well as when learning and recalling in different contexts
Ostergaard 1987 supports the different stores because a 10 year old boy with brain damage from an anoxic episode
could make educational progress and was able to store semantic memory but not episodic memory, although his semantic was impaired too
KC couldn’t recall many personal events in his life but could recall factual info
so this supports the distinction between episodic and semantic memory
Tulving (1985) explains why clive could play the piano as he added procedural memory
since the two stores couldn’t explain this
A limitation of it is that it does not account for any interrelationship or continuity
between the two stores as a word, for example can have an episodic and semantic reference
Experimental studies of learning lists are problematic for semantic or episodic memory as
they do not take into account guesses that participants make when recalling a list
Godden and Baddeley 1975 found that when scuba divers learned and recalled a list of words underwater and on land
they performed twice as well when learning and recalling in different contexts
