LTM Flashcards
What are the 3 types of LTM called?
Episodic memory, Semantic memory, Procedural memory
Who proposed that there are 3 different types of LTM?
endel Tulving(1967)
Procedural memory
knowledge of how to do things
Semantic memory
general knowledge eg. Facts, dates
Episodic memory
knowledge of personal events
is episodic memory declarative (consciously recalled)?
yes
is episodic memory time stamped?
yes
example of episodic memory
first day of school
What region of the brain are episodic memory associated with?
hippocampus and right prefrontal cortex (Tulving 1994)
is semantic memory declarative (consciously recalled)?
yes
Give an example of semantic memory.
London is capital of england
is semantic memory time stamped?
no
What region are the brain are semantic memory associated with?
Cerebellum and motor cortex
What was the procedure of tulving et al’s (1994) test?
ppts complete memory tasks whilst in a PET scanner
A strength of the theory of three distinct LTM stores is that there is evidence from brain scans.
Research shows that different areas of the brain are active when different types of ltm are active.
bucker and Petersen (1996)
found semantic residing in the right and episodic in the left pre frontal cortex.
little agreement on the specific locations of the memories
A strength of the theory of different LTM stores can be seen by case studies of patients with brain damage. - HM
mirror drawing task uses procedural memory but he had none
Removed his hippocampus, hm could still form new procedural memories but not episodic or semantic memories
A limitation of the theory is that some researchers believe there are only two stores of LTM
Cohen and squire (1980):
Agree that procedural memories represent one type of ltm
Argue that semantic and episodic are stored together
They referred these as declarative memory (needs to be constantly rehearsed) and procedural = non declarative
A strength of the theory is that it has good real world application as it allows psychologists to target specific memories to improve people’s lives.
Belleville et al (2006) demonstrated that episodic could be improved in older ppl who had a mild cognitive
The group who received episodic memory strategies performed better than the controlled group