LS Construction

Question 1

Construction/Contract Doc’s Components

Answer 1

• Bid Documents
• Contract (b/w owner. & contractor)
• Drawings
• Specifications
• Bond forms
• General & Special Conditions

Question 2

ASTM

Answer 2

American society for testing & materials

Question 3

Compacting fill for subgrade

Answer 3

Remove organic matter

Compact in 6-12” lifts/layers

Question 4

Dressed lumber

Answer 4

Described by # of sides dressed: S4S, S2S (surface 2 sides)

About 1/2” less than name ie 2x4 is 1.5x3.5

Question 5

AWPB

Answer 5

American wood preservers bureau

Set standards for pressure treated wood

Question 6

3 Classes of wood preservative treatments

Answer 6

• water borne (paintable)
• oil borne (paintable)
• creosote (not paintable)

Question 7

Timber retaining walls

Answer 7

• 1st timber below surface
• stagger joints
• toe nail timber together w/ 6, 10, 12” spikes or drill 1” hole 12” away from end & drive 1/2” galv pipes or 3/4” reinforcing rods thru all timbers to ground
• batter walls over 3’ ht: 1” per 1’ of height
• anchors & deadmen: every 10-15’ lf & 3-4’ vertical ht

Question 8

Concrete

Answer 8

• Mixture of water, Portland cement, and fine & coarse aggregate
• water & Portland cement combine & harden binding aggregates: hydration
• 1 Portland cement sack = 1cf = 94 lbs
• 1 cy of cement should contain 5 sacks

Question 9

Coarse aggregate (cement)

Answer 9

1/4” - 1.5”

For patios, drives, walks etc aggregate should not exceed 1/3 of its thickness

Question 10

5 types of Portland cement

Answer 10

Type I: general purpose/residential

Type II: moderately sulfate resistant walkways, pilings, bridges

Type III: high early strength; reaches most strength within 1st week of curing. Rush jobs/winter/forms

Type IV: slow curing. Water dams

Type V: sulfate resistant for alkaline soils or in ground water. Gains strength slowly.

Question 11

Low water-cement ratio

Answer 11

Less water more cement the stronger & more durable

Question 12

Compressive strength in concrete

Answer 12

• increases with age
• is tested after 28 days of curing
• NC state code minimum is 2500 psi

Question 13

Slump test

Answer 13

• 12” truncated cone: 8” @ base & 4” @ top
• Fill cone with concrete
• pull cone off & set next to concrete cone
• measure how much concrete has sagged

For drives, walks, slabs:
Hand method: max slump of 5” & min of 2”
Power methods: max slump of 3”

Question 14

Air-entrained concrete

Answer 14

Cement with minute air bubbles that allow for water to expand into when freezing

Question 15

Forming concrete

Answer 15

• have 90 min after mixing to pour & strike off
• moisten forms & subgrade before pouring
• consolidate poured concrete in form
• strike it off level with a screed
• 2nd screed pass to smooth it

Question 16

Pouring concrete slab

Answer 16

• work from corners into center
• place loads up against pervious
• after strike off, work w/ bull float or Darby
• once bleed water has left & concrete stiffened slightly

Question 17

Concrete control joints

Answer 17

• depth of 1/4 the thickness of pour
• slabs: max 10’ apart
• walks: max 5’ apart
• after scoring float surface w/wooden float

Question 18

Concrete curing

Answer 18

• when over 70 degrees keep continuously wet for 5 days

- when between 50-70 degrees keep wet for 7 days

Question 19

Expansion joint

Answer 19

• 1/4-1/2” wide
• extend full width & depth of slab
• premolded asphalt impregnated fiber
• recess filler 1/4-1/2” from top of surface

Question 20

How many bricks in a linear foot of soldier course?

Answer 20

6 bricks in 1 lf of soldier course

Question 21

How many bricks in a linear foot of sailor course?

Answer 21

3 bricks in 1 lf of sailor course

Question 22

When should tree wrappings be installed & removed?

Answer 22

Install in the fall to protect from sun scald & remove in the spring.

Question 23

For what reasons should you stake or guy trees?

Answer 23

• Protection
• Support
• Anchorage

Question 24

When should stakes & guys be removed?

Answer 24

After one growing season.

Question 25

How deep should screenings/sand at walks be?

Answer 25

1” - 4” deep

Question 26

What should a driveway base be composed of?

Answer 26

• min. 4” compacted aggregate base

- 1” of screenings

Question 27

Water Borne Treated

Answer 27

• CCA (chromated copper arsenate)

- ACA (ammoniacal copper arsenate)

Question 28

What is the typ. ht of a riser & depth of a tread on deck steps?

Answer 28

Typ. Riser: 7.5”

Typ. Tread: 11.5”

Question 29

At what height above ground are rails needed?

Answer 29

30” above ground