LRTIs part 1

Question 1

Pneumonia - types of sputum

Answer 1

pus = bacterial
watery = viral
rusty = alveolar involvement
red jelly = klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 2

pneumonia -investigations

Answer 2

PCR, urine, bloods, blood cultures, serology

Question 3

CORB

Answer 3

confusion - 
02 sats less than 90%
RR 30 or more 
BP - systolic less than 90
        diastolic less than 60

Question 4

SMART COP

Answer 4

Systolic BP less than 90 
Mulitilobar CXR involvement 
Albumin less than 35g/L
RR - 25 or more 
Tachy at 125 or more 
Confusion 
02 less than 93 
Ph less than 7.35

Question 5

CAP - bacteria

Answer 5

Strep pneumoniae 
S. pyogenes 
H. influenzae
S. Aureus 
Moraxella 
Gram neg. bacilli
Atypical bacteria

Question 6

CAP - viruses

Answer 6

Influenza 
Respiratory syncytial virus
adenovirus 
varicella 
coronavirus

Question 7

Influenza virus pneumonia sign and diagnosis

Answer 7

abrupt onset, fever, chills, dyspnea, cyanosis

diagnosis - based on clinical signs
nose and throat swabs, PCR
Serology IgM, IgG

Question 8

Strep Pneumoniae - signs and labs

Answer 8

cough, fever, fatigue, rusty, mucoid sputum
crackles, dullness to percussion

Labs - gram positive, urinary antigen detection

Question 9

H. influenzae pneumonia - types, clinically and labs

Answer 9

Influ type B - patients btw. 4 months and 4 years
Non typable - causes of pneumonia w. COPD and HIV

onset over several days, fever, rigors, cough
Labs - gram negative, chocolate agar