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d- health alteration lp7 > lp3 book > Flashcards

lp3 book Flashcards

1
Q

androgen

what responsible for

A

hormones responsible for

muscular development,
physical growth, and
increase in sebaceous gland secretions that cause acne

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2
Q

estrogen

what responsible for

A

devolopment of uterus
fallopian tubes
vagina
breast development

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3
Q

scrotum

penis

A

ballsac/in warm weather it expands/cold weather contacts to keep sperm decent temperature

outlet for male urinary and reporuductive tracts- nitric oxide causes vasodilation and increase blood flow and enlargement

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4
Q

epididymis

vas defrens

A

highly coiled tube that is repsoible for conducting sperm from tubule to vas deferens

carries sperm from epididymis into abdomen ending in seminal cavity, and ejaculatory ducts

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5
Q

prostate

bulboerethal

seminal vesicles

A

all secrete fluid that help to ensure safe passageway of spem

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6
Q

mons veneers

labia minora

labia majora

A

pad of adipose tissue that protects pubic bone from trauma

minora- abundant w/ sebaceous glands

majora- serve as preotection to internal organs

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7
Q

ovaries

meiosis

fallopian tubes

A

produces matures and discharge ovulation

meiosis- chromosomal reduction leaving 22 autosomes and a x sex chromosome

convey the ovum from ovaries into uterus to provide fertilization

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8
Q

uterus

body
isthmus
cervix(vagina)

A

body-fundus-during pregnancy the body exapands to contain growing fetus

isthmus-also expands to accomdiate fetus, where c section is cut into

cervix-expands into the vagona, that acts as the organ of intercourse and to serve as birth canal

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9
Q

menstruation

stages- proliferative/seceratory/ischemic/meses

A

bleeding in response to hormone changes. bring ovum into maturity , lasts about 28 day cycles

proliferative-one layer thick cells, produces estotrgen to begin building layers

secretory-causes glands to become corkscrew and dilated with qnatites of glycogen

ischemic- if no fertilization, production of progesterone decreases, uterus begins to degernate

menses-menstrual shedding, around 30-80 ml

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10
Q

menstruation
menarche
cycles
legth
amount
LMP

A

Menarche: first- average age 12 –@ first can be different. can be spotty, and longer in between

Cycles: average 28 days-start to start-up to 35 can be normal

Length: 4 to 6 days but can be 2-9

Amount: difficult to estimate, 30 to 80ml, if one pad or tampon per hour= heavy bleedin

LMP=first day since first blood

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11
Q

menstruation educational topics

pads/tampons

rotate

NO

wear

clean

A

pads/tampons-hygiene, changing every 3-6 hrs-//no deodorized or perfume ones// don’t wear most absorbent and keep in for a long time

rotate pads b/c of TSS

no douching-absolutely no-especially on period

wear incintent underwear

cleansing peri area-no douching or sprays-clean from front to back

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12
Q

fern test

A

estrogen forms a fernlike pattern on microscope the dried

occurs right before ovulation

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13
Q

spinnbarleit test

A

estrogen can stretch when dominate

stretch mucus between thumb and finger

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14
Q

abstinence

A

refraining from having relations–therotical 100% success rate

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15
Q

lactation amenorrhea method

A

suppression of hormones when breastfeeding

if infant is under 6 months and is breastfeed, then there I only 1-5% of failure rate

once menstruation returns does not work-can return at any time

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16
Q

douching

A

does not work

so do not do

try to suction out sperm

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17
Q

coiutus interrupts

A

withdrawal before ejaculation

only 82% effective-preejculation is possibe

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18
Q

calendar method

fertility awareness methods

A

subtract 18 days from shortest cycle

subtract 11 from longest cycle

all days in between are fertile days and avoid relations in those days

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19
Q

basal body temp method

fertility awareness methods

A

day before ovulation, at rest temapture falls by .5F

during ovulation, temp rises a whole F degree

after this refrain from having relations for 3 days

same time every single day-even on weekends

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20
Q

cercial mucus method

fertility awareness methods

A

before ovulation- cervical mucus is thick and doesn’t stretch

during ovulation-secretion increases

day of ovulation- it becomes copious, thin watery and transparent

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21
Q

two day method

fertility awareness methods

A

if person feels secretions for 2 days on a row, avoid relations

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22
Q

sympothermal method

fertility awareness methods

A

takes temperature and analyzes mucus

refrain from intercourse until 3 days after rise in temperature and 4th day after mucus change

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23
Q

cycle beads

fertility awareness methods

A

first bead-red-first day of flow

6 brown beads-safe days

12 glow in dark beads-fertile days

13 brown safe beads

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24
Q

ovulation detection

fertility awareness methods

A

kits that can detect ovulation

are 98-100%efective

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25
Q

spermicides

does not
failure rate
called
contraindicated
vaginal suppositories
increased effectiveness

A

cause death of sperm before they can reach the cervix by changing ph

does not protect sti

failure rate of 20%

some called feminine hygiene are for cleanliness and not for contraception

contraindicated w/ acute cevicitis because might further iritate cervix

in vaginal suppositories- sit supine and wait 30 mins so it stays

increased effectiveness w/condom and diaphragm

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26
Q

diaphragm
% failure
prescribed
should remain
contraindications

works best

A

circular ribber disk that is placed over ceriix before intercourse

18% failure rate

prescribed -pregancy,surgery or wt gain =get another one

should remain in place 48 hrs after relations

contraindications-history of TSS/allergy//history of uti

works best with spermicides

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27
Q

male/female condoms-barrier methods

failure rate
prevents
condzitdiations

A

latex rubber sheath- keep tip out

don’t use both male/female condoms at same time

between 5-15% failure

prevent sti

contraindicated with latex allergy

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28
Q

cap
failure rate
in place
dont leave
need
good for
works best

A

physical barrier

35% effective

in place for 6 hrs after intercourse and up to 24 hrs

don’t leave for over 48 hrs

need physician to fit/surgery, wt loss, pregnancy

good for pregnancy and smoker because of inability to use COC

works best with spermicides

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29
Q

combination oral contraceptives

% effective

not effective

bad for

take

A

pills-daily use-prevent ovum-needs prescription

99%effective

not effective for first 7 days of taking

bad for lactating women d/t decreased milk

take every night at same time

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30
Q

combination oral contraceptives

s/e
notify

A

nausea/wt gain/headache/tender breast/ breakthrough bleeding/ depression

notify if chest pain, sob, severe headache/ leg pain/ eye problems

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31
Q

estrogen/progesteron transdermal patches

stay on
applied
can
start
obese

A

stay on for 3 weeks, off for 1 week, where flow will happen

applies to upper arm,torso, abdomen, buttocks

can be worn with water

start new 4 week cycle if patch is taken off

can be harder in obese women to get to hormone level

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32
Q

vaginal ring

do not need to remove
can causes

A

left in place for three weeks, taken out for 1 week and replaced with another new ring

do not need to remove for intercourse

can cause discharge,mood changes or skin changes

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33
Q

contraceptions dont use if

A

blood clots

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34
Q

subdermal hormone implants

release
does not
failure rate
s/e

A

presents ovulation slowly over 3 years and thickens servical mucus

does not protect against sti

failure rate of less then 1%

S/e- irregular menstrual cycle, depression and scarring

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35
Q

im injections
effective
s/e
black box
caution

A

given every 12 weeks- inhibits ovulation

almost 100% effective

s/e-headache, wt gain, depression, irregular cycles,acne

Black box-font use for longer then 2 years

caution w/ diabetics – they can increase blood glucoses

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36
Q

intrauterin devices

placed

failure rate

how long lasts

se

education

A

small plastic device inserted through vagona

can be placed within 5 days of unprotected sex as form of emergency contraception

have less then 1% failure

nonhormonal 10 years
hormonal 5-7 yers

s/e are uterine cramping,spotting

education-does not prevent sti, contact if pregnancy’s

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37
Q

vasectomy
done
effective
some

can return

help

additonal

A

vas deferens are cut and tied in male

done under local anesthesia

99.5%effeective

some sperm can remain for 6 months after

can return to intercourse in 1 wek

ice and proper rest can help

additional birth control until 2 negative sperm tests at 6 and 10 weeks

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38
Q

tubal ligitation
can return
will
s/e
can cause

A

fallopian tubes are not connected to ovaries

can return to having relation 2-3 days after

will still have menstrual flow

s/e are vaginal spotting, bleeding and lower ab cramping

can cause eptoptic pregnancy

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39
Q

hysterectomy and essure

A

h- removing everything so no more pregnancy-no periods

e- spring loaded-stops release of egg and stops flow. divide prevents egg from coming down

scar tissue/pelvic pain- can

can still get periods

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40
Q

emergency postcoital contraception

take
effectve
s/e

A

plan b-high dose progestin based pills-prevent ovulation-

most can be used3 days

75% effective-dont protects agaitns sti

nausea is se

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41
Q

Ella and copper iud

emergency postcoital contraception

A

Ella
prescribed only- up to 5 days postcoital

copper iud
can be used- inserted within 72 hours-inhibits imputation and not fertilization

42
Q

medically induced termination of pregnancy

mifenspitone
methotrecxte
s/e
no/no/follow

A

effective 95% of time

mifenspitorne-blokcs effect of prgterone

methotrexate- interferes with dna synthesis

se– n/v/d, cramping, prolonged bleeding

no sex, no heavy lifting, follow up in 2 weeks

43
Q

reproductive alternatives

A

meds-increase hormones

surgery-sperm instilled into cervix

ivf-extracted egg and sperm fertilized in lab

GIFT-same as IVF but insertered earleir

surrogate

44
Q

pelvic exams

A

have patient lay in lithinomy position with knees up

drape patient and make sure comfortable with pillow

make sure patient is breathing slowly and empties bladder

monitor external genitalia for any infection/inflammation- herpes may mean that you need to have c section \

monitor internal gentalia- use speculum-check cervix, usually light pink-any alterations are documented

Pap smears are collected from cervix to see if cancer

vaginal speculum is used for infections

vaginal examinations are used to examine pelvic wall strength and anomalies in organs

45
Q

mittelshmerz

right side

day

education=meds,devices,legs,

A

pain during ovulation-felt on one side of abdomen

if on right side, diffentate for appendicitis)

day 14 from first day of menstrural cycle-occurs in teens

Education-heating pads, elevating legs, more rest time,

COC, NSAID(ibuprofen), NO aspirin-makes flow heavier

46
Q

dysmenorrhea

manifestations

rule out

treatment

A

painful menstruation-

bloating and lighting cramping a day before flow
sharp pain with aching/pulling when pain starts

rule out PID/tumor

use ibuprofen(nsaid), if doesn’t help use COC

47
Q

Anovulatory

treatment

A

a menstrual cycle in which the release of an egg from the ovaries does not occur

primary if doesn’t occur b/c of disease

secondary of occurs b/c of disease

treatment-determain cause

48
Q

menorrghia

call

A

abnormally heavy flow

more then 80 ml or one pad an hour

-call doctor for iron supplements

49
Q

metorrhagia

normal
not normal
dont want

A

abnormal bleeding between periods-

could be normal for adolescents
, not for adults’ with established cycles.

Dont want elderly to have because of ovarian cancer

50
Q

menstrural migraine

caused by

often

treatment

A

headache associated w/ period-dstabilitizing as is, can make worse

often has N/v

caused by hormones, drop in estrogen/

nsaids(ibuprofen) and Botox can help

51
Q

endometriosis

def

can cause

A

appearance of endometrial tissue outside the uterus and causing pelvic pain-

can be found anywhere in body, right outside is most common,

can cause infertility problems

52
Q

endometriosis

s/s

A

pain during

periods,
sexual intercourse
, bowel movements and/or urination

53
Q

endometriosis

treatments

A

pain relief drugs (anti-inflammatories),

oral contraceptives,

ultimately could need surgery in end-if adhesions or scaring

54
Q

premenstrual syndrome

felt

blood supply

can cause

A

a group of physical and emotional symptoms that start one weeks before your period

can be felt after ovulation

blood supply to ovaries is decreased

can cause watr retetion, hypoglycemina, fluxuations in calcium and serotonin

55
Q

premenstrual syndrome

s/s

A

emotional swings,

fatigue,

bloating,,

hormone fluctuation,

eating more/cravinfs

56
Q

PMS nursing considerations

A

keep journal of symptoms

diet- high in vitamin, calcium and sodium

exercise

support groups

57
Q

amenorrhea

evaluate for

A

absence of menstrual flow

eval for rights age, pregnancy’s, stress, eating disordeer could be s/s

58
Q

premenstrual dysphoric disorder

occurs

A

occurs in luteal and is relieved with menses

59
Q

premenstrual dysphoric disorder

s/s
make sure

A

anxiety, fatigue, bloating, irrablity, depression

ensure adequate vitamin intake

60
Q

female cicumcision

imperforate hymen

polycystic ovary sundrome

A

removal of clitoris, have difficultly with childbirth or contraception

ring of tissue that obstructs vaginal opening

increased androgen level that prevents ovary maturation

61
Q

toxic shock syndrome

A

acute septicemia caused by damage of insertion of tampons

rare but life threatening

62
Q

TSS

manifestions and end

A

fever over 102,
hypotension,
sunburn-like rash on palms/feet ,
muscle pain
V/D
reduces platlets

end-organ damage-renal, CNS

63
Q

tss treatments

take out

A

antiobiotcs - cephlaspoirns and clindamycines

taking out all tampons-rotate every 3-6, don’t use highly absorb and keep for longer

64
Q

vulvovaginitis

def

A

inflamed outer vagina

65
Q

vulvovaginitis

manifestations

A

itchy/sore vagina,

discharge,

dryness, pain,

light bleeding

66
Q

vulvovaginitis

keep

treatments

A

keep dry, incontinent underwear

yeast infections treatment, Tylenol, nsaids

67
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease-what is

trasmission
increased

A

inflammatory conditions in uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries

sexual tramdission is 75% of pid cases- chylamidia/ gonorrhea

higher chance of infertility

68
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease

manifestations
discharge

A

severe pain,
fever 101-102
leukocytosis

heavy yellow creamy purulent discharge

69
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease

treatments

A

analgesics

antibiotics-clindamycin

70
Q

accessory nipples

breast hypertrophy

brast hypoplasia

A

additional nipples-can be subject to same diseases as normal breast

abnormally large breast due to progesterone levels- can cause pain, surgery can reduce size

reduction in size pf breast

71
Q

candidiasis

manifestation

patches

A

vaginial reddening, buring, itching, bleeding, painful intercourse,

thick white patches
thick cream cheese like discharge-watch patches

72
Q

candidiasis

treatments

teaching//hygeine, use, complete, can be, refrain ,loose, eat

A

oral/vaginal antifungal agents like “zole” for 3-7 days-nystatin is key ingredient

hygeine, proper use of apllicators, complete entire treatment

can be all over body, breasts, mouth, anal, peri

refrain from alcohol

loose, cotton clothing

eat yogurt

73
Q

candidiasis

thrives
not necessarily
90%
need

A

thrives on glycogen

not necessary sti-fungal infection

90% of women will have

need to check glucose level- if struggle with yeast infections - could be diabetes

74
Q

trichomoniasis

discharge

manifestaions

males

A

frothy white/greyish green discharge w/ foul odor,

buring/itching of vagina- could be bruising

males will report no symptoms

75
Q

trichomoniasis

treatment

teaching//hygiene/complete,use,no//

A

oral metrondolze or tinidazole

perineal hygiene, complete doses. use barrier methods-use condoms and no alcohol

76
Q

bacterial vaginosis-what is

manifestions
discharge

A

absence of lactobacilli in vaginal flora

-burning when peeing and itching

milky white to gray discharge with fish smell

77
Q

bacterial vaginosis

treatment

A

oral metronizodle// yeast treatments for 7 days

treat partner as well

use probiotics like yogurt as well

78
Q

clhymida

s/s

discharge

can lead

A

dysuria, urinary infrequency, but could be asymtpmatic

heavy, gray-white discharge

can lead to PID and infertility

79
Q

clhymida

risk factors and prevention

A

rf-many partners + unprotected sex

prevention-no sex ot protected sex

80
Q

clhymida

treatment

A

oral doxycycline 7 day or

azithromycin for 1 dose-

–each partner must complete treatment

81
Q

human pipilomavirus
manfiestatiopns

A

lesions spread

fibrous tissue overgrowth on vagina

82
Q

human pipilomavirus

goes
treatment
vaccine

A

go away on own

podophyllin

or wart removal therapy

child needs vaccine before they become sexually active

83
Q

herpes

spread

s/s

A

spread by skin to skin contact

1-face
2-genitals

s/s-painful vesicles that tingle,burn, itch or pain

84
Q

herpes

education//birth,virals,ice,avoid, wear//

treatment

A

-c secion during birth, antivirals dont cure, use ice for relief, avoid stress. avoid sex, wear condoms

acylcoivor and valactolvir are antivirals

85
Q

gonorrhea

manifestation

discharge

asymptmatic

males

can cause

A

pain during urination

slight yellow vagina discharge

20% men asympomatic and 80% women

inflammation can scare testes in males/

can cause PID ,arthritis and heart disease if not treated

86
Q

gonorrhea

treatment

education

return

A

im prosefin

cefrixone and arithromycin

finsih antibiotic course, both be treated, use condoms, dont have sex utnil fully treated

return in 7 days to make sure its gone

87
Q

syphillis
stages
weirdone

A

primary stage-lesions, highly infections on genitals, mouth, breasts, fingers 3-4 weeks after contact

secondary-2wk - 6 mnth and lesion disappears, rash on palms of feet, sore throat, generalized lympademnopathy

88
Q

Syphilis
1
2
3
end causes

A

1-canker for 6 weeks and fades away
2- 2-4 weeks after canker a rash and low grade fever appears
3- latent phase- still can be spread decades away

can cause all types of body problems that leads to death

89
Q

syphillis

treatment

education

A

penecillin is treamtent- 1 dose- eitymyocyn and tetracycline if no pen

not trasmitted by sex but by blood.

no apparent symptoms

90
Q

kegel exercises

A

Stop the flow of urine during voiding and hold for a few seconds.

Tighten the muscles at the vaginal entrance around a gloved finger or tampon.

Tighten the muscles around the anus as though resisting defecation.

hold for 3 seconds, relax for 3 seconds. Continue the sequence for 25 repetitions twice a day

Keep abdominal muscles and breathing relaxed

Establish a routine because these exercises should be continued for life.

91
Q

nurses role in reproductive health

A

Personal education

Community Education

Sensitive information

Nonjudgmental

92
Q

ovulation
Fsh role
lh role
Ovulation how long before menstruatation
temperature

A

Rise in female hormones

FSH stimulates ovary to mature

LH stimulates release of the egg into fallopian tube

Ovulation always occurs 14 days before menstruation.

Drop in temp day before ovulation, then 1 degree rise day after ovulation

93
Q

signs of puberty

A

hair

emotions

change in voice

increased appetite

fatigue

lab values change

height

breast

interests

Girls can start at 7

94
Q

pap exams
once
need
give
abnomral
pap
week

A

once 3-5 years-if positive every 6 months

need negative HPV test

give cerival cancer vaccine in early years-rise in cancer

abnormal results do not mean cancer-removal and biopsy

pap swab test for HPV and cancer

week after menstrual cycle

95
Q

mammogram

breast self exams

A

age 45 Is recommended-annual and at risk- recommended 7-10 days aft menstrual cycle

Breast self-exams:

There is very little evidence that doing self-exams or having clinical breast exams routinely is helpful for women at average risk of breast cancer.

PROMOTE-start in teens

96
Q

4 stages of menopause

average age

will knowwhen

risks

A

pre-cramps,anxiety,nausea, iratiblity
prei/meno pause- hot flashes, night sweats, irregular periods, loss of lbiido
post menopause-high risk of condiotns like heart disease and uti

52 is average age–peri is 30-40

will know when dont have a period for a whole year

high risk of osteoperosis, UTI, ovarian cancer and CAD

97
Q

menopause management

Diet
Vitanmins
Remedies
stress
s/eof hrt

A

high fiber low fat diet

eat vitamin deb

herbs

manage stress

a lot of side effects from HRT-breast cancer, strokes, dvt, osteoporosis ,

98
Q

nursing management of stis

A

throuorugh h an p

include sexual behaviors
encourage patient to notifyy parterns

if under 10 consider sexual abuse

99
Q

AIDS

spread

gores

A

spread through sperm or blood

Goes from HIV to aids

100
Q

infertility/subferitliy

when to check
problems
lay down

A

after 1 year of unprotected and no fertilization

if over 35 check after 6 months

aging, thyroid, ovulation, pid, endometriosis,implamantation problems

have women lay down with legs raised after interocurse

d- health alteration lp7 (7 decks)

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