Lowerlimb Bones and Joints Flashcards
What is the name of the place where the 3 bones of the pelvic girdle join?
Acetabulum, same as the glenoid in the upper limb
What attaches to the Ilium?
Gluteal muscles, it is the biggest bone at the top
What attaches to the Ischium?
Hamstring muscles, it is the bone at the bottom, forms part of the obturator foreamen
What attaches to the pubis?
The adductor muscles, it is the bone at the front, form part of the obturator foreamen
What are the 3 bones in the pelvic girdle?
The ilium, ischium and the pubis
How is the head of the femur strengthened?
Intersecting vertical and arcuate bundles which form the trabeculae
Where the ankle articulate with the leg?
At the trochlear notch on the tibia
What is the difference between the interosseous membrane of the upper and lower limb?
The radius and ulna are able to move and the tibia and fibula cannot move relative to eachother
Which tarsal bone articulates with the tibia?
Talus
Which tarsal bone is the heel bone?
Calcaneous
Where does the line of gravity pass in the lower limb?
Behind the hip joint, infront of the knee joint, and very far infront of the ankle joint
What is the sacroiliac joint?
Joint between the sacrum and ilium, it is a plane synovial joint with a strong interosseous ligament
What type of joint is the sacrococcygeal joint
Cartilaginous joint
What type of joint is the pubic symphysis?
Cartilagenous joint
What makes the pelvic girdle strong?
Strong ligaments, strong ring of bone, not mobile
Which joint does relaxin work on in pregnant women?
Sacroiliac joint
How is the stability of the hip joint increased?
Labrum which deepens the socket, iliofemoral ligament
How is the restriction of movement in the hip joint overcome?
The long neck of the femur
In what position is the hip joint capsule most susceptible to injury?
While seated, the joint capsule unwinds
Which nerve can be injured during posterior dislocation of the hipjoint?
Sciatic nerve
What happens if there is a fracture of the femoral head?
Avascular necrosis of the femoral head because vessels anastomoses across the neck
Which 2 synovial joints are in the knee joint?
tibiofemoral and patellofemoral
What type of joint is the knee joint?
Hinge joint
Which 3 structures support the knee joint?
Knee joint menisci, cruciate ligaments and the collateral ligaments
How does the menisci support the knee joint?
It is a fibrocartilagenous disc
- shock absorb
- increase SA to increase congruency
- spread synovial fluid
How do the ACL and PCL support the knee joint?
Stop the tibia from slipping forwards or backwards
Which intracapsular ligament supports the knee?
Cruciate ligaments
Which extracapsular ligament supports the knee?
Collateral ligaments
How do the medial and lateral collateral ligaments support the knee?
Resist sideways stress
What does the medial collateral ligament attach to?
Medial meniscus and the joint capsule
What does the lateral collateral ligament attach to?
Head of the fibula but NOT the joint capsule
Valgus stress is resisted by which collateral ligament?
Medial
Varus stress is resisted by which collateral ligament?
Lateral
Which is the most stable position of the knee?
Extension
Which things are injured in an unhappy triad?
ACL, MCL and medial meniscus
What type of joint is the superior tibiofibula joint?
Plane synovial joint
What type of joint is the inferior tibiofibula joint?
Fibrous joint, no movement
What type of joint is the talocrural joint?
Hinge synovial
How is the talocrural joint supported?
Medial and lateral ligament
Which ligament is more likely to be injured in an ankle sprain?
Lateral ligament
