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Anatomy 1 > Lowerlimb Bones and Joints > Flashcards

Lowerlimb Bones and Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the place where the 3 bones of the pelvic girdle join?

A

Acetabulum, same as the glenoid in the upper limb

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2
Q

What attaches to the Ilium?

A

Gluteal muscles, it is the biggest bone at the top

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3
Q

What attaches to the Ischium?

A

Hamstring muscles, it is the bone at the bottom, forms part of the obturator foreamen

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4
Q

What attaches to the pubis?

A

The adductor muscles, it is the bone at the front, form part of the obturator foreamen

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5
Q

What are the 3 bones in the pelvic girdle?

A

The ilium, ischium and the pubis

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6
Q

How is the head of the femur strengthened?

A

Intersecting vertical and arcuate bundles which form the trabeculae

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7
Q

Where the ankle articulate with the leg?

A

At the trochlear notch on the tibia

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8
Q

What is the difference between the interosseous membrane of the upper and lower limb?

A

The radius and ulna are able to move and the tibia and fibula cannot move relative to eachother

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9
Q

Which tarsal bone articulates with the tibia?

A

Talus

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10
Q

Which tarsal bone is the heel bone?

A

Calcaneous

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11
Q

Where does the line of gravity pass in the lower limb?

A

Behind the hip joint, infront of the knee joint, and very far infront of the ankle joint

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12
Q

What is the sacroiliac joint?

A

Joint between the sacrum and ilium, it is a plane synovial joint with a strong interosseous ligament

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13
Q

What type of joint is the sacrococcygeal joint

A

Cartilaginous joint

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14
Q

What type of joint is the pubic symphysis?

A

Cartilagenous joint

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15
Q

What makes the pelvic girdle strong?

A

Strong ligaments, strong ring of bone, not mobile

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16
Q

Which joint does relaxin work on in pregnant women?

A

Sacroiliac joint

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17
Q

How is the stability of the hip joint increased?

A

Labrum which deepens the socket, iliofemoral ligament

18
Q

How is the restriction of movement in the hip joint overcome?

A

The long neck of the femur

19
Q

In what position is the hip joint capsule most susceptible to injury?

A

While seated, the joint capsule unwinds

20
Q

Which nerve can be injured during posterior dislocation of the hipjoint?

A

Sciatic nerve

21
Q

What happens if there is a fracture of the femoral head?

A

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head because vessels anastomoses across the neck

22
Q

Which 2 synovial joints are in the knee joint?

A

tibiofemoral and patellofemoral

23
Q

What type of joint is the knee joint?

A

Hinge joint

24
Q

Which 3 structures support the knee joint?

A

Knee joint menisci, cruciate ligaments and the collateral ligaments

25
Q

How does the menisci support the knee joint?

A

It is a fibrocartilagenous disc

  • shock absorb
  • increase SA to increase congruency
  • spread synovial fluid
26
Q

How do the ACL and PCL support the knee joint?

A

Stop the tibia from slipping forwards or backwards

27
Q

Which intracapsular ligament supports the knee?

A

Cruciate ligaments

28
Q

Which extracapsular ligament supports the knee?

A

Collateral ligaments

29
Q

How do the medial and lateral collateral ligaments support the knee?

A

Resist sideways stress

30
Q

What does the medial collateral ligament attach to?

A

Medial meniscus and the joint capsule

31
Q

What does the lateral collateral ligament attach to?

A

Head of the fibula but NOT the joint capsule

32
Q

Valgus stress is resisted by which collateral ligament?

A

Medial

33
Q

Varus stress is resisted by which collateral ligament?

A

Lateral

34
Q

Which is the most stable position of the knee?

A

Extension

35
Q

Which things are injured in an unhappy triad?

A

ACL, MCL and medial meniscus

36
Q

What type of joint is the superior tibiofibula joint?

A

Plane synovial joint

37
Q

What type of joint is the inferior tibiofibula joint?

A

Fibrous joint, no movement

38
Q

What type of joint is the talocrural joint?

A

Hinge synovial

39
Q

How is the talocrural joint supported?

A

Medial and lateral ligament

40
Q

Which ligament is more likely to be injured in an ankle sprain?

A

Lateral ligament

Anatomy 1 (7 decks)

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