lower respiratory tract infections - children

Question 1

What is tracheitis

Answer 1

Swollen tracheal wall and a narrowed tracheal lumen

Question 2

How is tracheitis treated

Answer 2

Augmentin = co amoxiclav

Question 3

How does bronchitis present

Answer 3

loose rattly cough with Post-tussive vomit

Chest has no wheeze or crackles

Question 4

What is the usual history of bacterial bronchitis

Answer 4

Following a URTI

Lasts 4 weeks

Question 5

What is the presentation of bronchiolitis

Answer 5

Nasal stuffiness, tachypnoea and poor feeding

Crackles with or without wheeze heard

Question 6

What usually causes bronchiolitis

Answer 6

RSV - respiratory syncytial virus

Question 7

What medications are proven to work for bronchiolitis

Answer 7

None

Question 8

What is the presentation of a LRTI

Answer 8

fever >38.5 degrees celcius

SOB

cough

grunting

reduced or bronchial breath sounds

Question 9

What does wheeze in a LRTI usually indicate

Answer 9

Probably not a bacterial infection

Question 10

What is the management of community acquired pneumonia

Answer 10

Nothing if mild symptoms

Oral amoxycillin first line

Oral macrolide second line

IV if patient is vomiting

Question 11

What is the difference between LRTI and bronchiolitis

Answer 11

Bronchiolitis is specifically in <12 months old while LRTI is all ages

LRTI has more rapid onset of symptoms

LRTI has a fever while bronchiolitis rarely has fever

Question 12

What is empyema

Answer 12

Complication of pneumonia

Infection into the pleural space in the form of pus

Question 13

What is the presentation of empyema

Answer 13

Chest pain and very unwell

Question 14

What is the treatment of empyema

Answer 14

Antibiotics with or without drainage

Question 15

Should tracheitis be treated with antibiotics and which ones if yes

Answer 15

Yes - augmentin

Question 16

Should bronchitis be treated with antibiotics and which ones if yes

Answer 16

no

Question 17

Should LRTI/ pneumonia be treated with antibiotics and which ones if yes

Answer 17

maybe - oral amoxycillin first line

Question 18

Should bronchiolitis be treated with antibiotics and which ones if yes

Answer 18

no

Question 19

Should empyema be treated with antibiotics and which ones if yes

Answer 19

yes - IV antibiotics

Question 20

What should be the first consideration with a LRTI in children

Answer 20

Oxygen
Hydration
Nutrition