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respiratory > lower respiratory tract infections - adults > Flashcards

lower respiratory tract infections - adults Flashcards

1
Q

What is the presentation of acute bronchitis

A

<3 weeks

Productive cough with sputum

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2
Q

Describe chronic bronchitis

A

Productive cough for more than 3 months for over 2 years

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3
Q

Describe COPD exacerbation

A

change in colour of sputum

Fevers

Increased breathlessness

Wheeze

cough

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4
Q

What is the treatment for a COPD exacerbation

A

Steroids - prednisolone

Antibiotics - amoxicillin, doxycyline

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5
Q

What infections can cause an exacerbation of COPD

A

strep pneumoniae

Hemophilus influenzae

Viral

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6
Q

What is pneumonia

A

inflammation of the lung parenchyma

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7
Q

What are the clinical features of pneumonia

A

Fevers

rigors

myalgia

chest pain - pleuritic - sharp and stabbing

Dyspnoea

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8
Q

What are the signs associated with pneumonia

A

Tachypnoea

Tachycardia

Dull percussion

Bronchial breathing

Crepitations

Vocal resonance

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9
Q

What does rusty brown sputum in pneumonia suggest

A

haemoptysis - caused by strep pneumonia

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10
Q

What is chlamydia pneumoniae associated with

A

Coronary artery disease

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11
Q

What is chlamydia psittaci associated with

A

birds

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12
Q

What is Coxiella burnetti associated with

A

farm animals

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13
Q

What is a nosocomial infection

A

Infection which is picked up in hospital

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14
Q

What scale is used to score severity of pneumonia

A

CURB65

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15
Q

Describe CURB65

A

C- Confusion
U - blood Urea >7mmol/l
R - respiratory rate >30/min
B - Systolic BP <90mmHg
Diastolic bp <60mmHg
65 - >65 years old

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16
Q

What is the treatment for a CURB65 score of 0-1

A

Amoxicillin - 5 days

Clarithromycin if penicillin allergy

17
Q

What is the treatment for CURB 65 score of 2

A

Amoxicillin + clarithromycin -
5-7days

Levofloxacin if penicillin allergy

18
Q

What is the treatment for a CURB65 score of 3-5

A

Coamoxiclav + clarithromycin -
7-10 days

Levofloxacin or co-trimoxazole if penicillin allergy

19
Q

What is the treatment for MRSA -methicillin resistant Staph aureus

A

Vancomycin

20
Q

What is bronchiectasis

A

Permanently enlarged airways (bronchi) due to recurrent chest infections

21
Q

How does bronchiectasis present

A

Chronic productive cough

Breathlessness

History of recurrent LRTI

Haemoptysis

Clubbing

Wheeze

Course crepitations

Obstructive spirometry

respiratory (13 decks)

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