Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PCM II Midterm > Lower Respiratory Tract Exam > Flashcards

Lower Respiratory Tract Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is considered to be a normal adult breathing rate?

A

quiet & regular @ respiratory rate of 14-20/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is bradypnea?

A

regular breathing rhythm but slower than normal rate (RR<14/min)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is hyperpnea?

When is it normal?

A

increased depth of breathing & rate of respiration

normal during exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is dyspnea?

A

feeling short of breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Atelectasis

A

collapse of lung tissue that affects the alveoli from normal O2 absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which 2 fingers do you use to percuss the lungs?

A

hyperextended middle finger of non-dominant hand & tapping finger of dominant hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where would you insert a needle for a thoracentesis?

A

2nd intercostal space & midclavicular line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where would you insert a chest tube?

A

4th intercostal space @ mid axillary line (just superior to 5th rib to avoid neurovascular bundle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Common chief complaints for lung exam

A 
cough
coughing &amp; spitting up blood
trouble breathing
wheezing 
swelling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What should be considered in HPI for cc related to lungs?

A

medications
exposure to cold/allergen that triggers asthma
allergic reaction (to meal)
pulmonary infection (cough)
recent surgery increases risk for pulmonary embolism
recent trauma (pneumothorax)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some associated symptom considerations for lung cc?

A

ENT: drainage from ear, otalgia (earache), tinnitis, epistaxis, nasal congestion, swollen lymph nodes, sore throad

Respiratory: chest pain, shortness of breath (asthma, pneumonia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Constitutional associated symptom considerations

A

fever
sweats
chills
weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

PE of lower respiratory track

A

Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pulse oximetry

A

measures peripheral arterial oxygen saturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

End Tidal CO2

A

measures ventilation

non-invasive measurement of partial pressure of CO2 in inhaled breath over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a normal PET CO2 reading?

A

35-40 mm Hg (represents normal partial pressure of CO2 in arterial blood)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What should you look for during inspection?

A

assess breathing rate, rhythm, depth & effort

skin color (cyanosis?)

trachea (is it midline)

hands (clubbing?)

shape of chest (deformity?)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does cyanosis indicate?

A

hypoxia (can see @ nail bed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What may tracheal deviation indicate?

A

pneumothorax
pleural effusion
atelectasis
mass

20
Q

Pectus excavatum

A

depression in lower portion of sternum that can compress heart & great vessels, cause murmurs

21
Q

Pectus carinatum

A

sternum displaced anteriorly (increased AP diameter)

adj costal cartilages are depressed

22
Q

Barrel Chest

A

increased AP diameter, seen in COPD

23
Q

Chronic Bronchitis

A

daily productive cough for 3 months or more, in at least 2 consecutive years

assoc symptoms: overweight & cyanotic, elevated Hb, peripheral edema, wheezing

24
Q

Emphysema

A

permanent enlargement & destruction of airspaces distal to terminal bronchiole

assoc symptoms: older & thin, severe dyspnea, quiet chest, lungs are hyperinflated w/ flat diaphragm

25
Q

What may asymmetrical expansion of chest wall indicate?

A

pleural effusion

26
Q

What may retraction of chest wall w/ breathing indicate?

A

severe asthma, COPD, upper airway obstruction

27
Q

What may unilateral lagging of chest wall w/ breathing indicate?

A

pleural disease (asbesotsis, trauma, phrenic N damage)

28
Q

Traumatic flail chest

A

multiple rib fractures may result in paradoxical movements of thorax

injured area will cave INWARD w/ inspiration & move outward w/ expiration

29
Q

What would use of accessory muscles for breathing indicate?

A

sign of respiratory distress

seen in asthma, COPD, airway obstruction, viral illness

30
Q

What should palpation in PE include?

A

palpate trachea
areas of tenderness
bruising or tenderness over ribs

31
Q

How to examine if thoracic expansion is symmetrical

A

place thumbs @ level of 10th ribs, grab lateral to rib cage

have pt inhale deeply & watch distance between thumbs as move apart during inspiration & feel for symmetry of rib cage

32
Q

What do increased vibration sounds indicate?

What do decreased/absent vibration sounds indicate?

A

pneumonia

COPD or pleural changes (effusion, fibrosis, etc)

33
Q

Dullness w/ percussion sounds

A

fluid or solid tissue replaces air-containing lung

pleural accumulations or lobar pneumonia

34
Q

Generalized hyperresonance w/ percussion sounds

A

indicates hyper-inflated lungs (chronic bronchitis or asthma)

35
Q

Unilateral hyperresonance w/ percussion sounds

A

indicates large pneumothorax or large air filled bulb in lung

36
Q

What is considered a normal lung percussion sound?

A

loud intensity, low pitch, long duration

37
Q

What is considered a normal diaphragmatic excursion?

What may abnormal indicate?

A

normal is 3-5.5 cm

pleural effusion or is secondary to atelectasis/phrenic N paralysis

38
Q

What should you use to auscultate the lungs?

A

use diaphragm of stethoscope

compare both sides in ladder fashion (2 anterior & 4 posterior)

39
Q

What are the most important techniques to assess airflow?

A

listen to sounds generated by breathing

listen for any added sounds

if abnormalities suspected, listen for vocal resonance

40
Q

What are considered abnormal breath sounds?

A

stridor
wheezes
crackles

41
Q

What are stridor sounds associated with?

A

usually heard on inspiration due to narrowing in upper airway

croup, epiglottitis, upper airway foreign body, anaphylaxis

42
Q

What is wheezing assoc w?

A

usually an expiratory sound caused by rapid airflow through narrowed bronchial airway

reactive airway disease, asthma, COPD

43
Q

What are crackles assoc w?

A

inspiratory sound caused by small airway closed during expiration & popping open during inspiration

pneumonia, CHF, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma

44
Q

When do you use an incentive spriometer?

A

to help w/ atelectasis (treatment & prevention)

re-inflate lung after collapse of alveoli

45
Q

Pulmonary Function test

A

non-invasive to show how well lungs are working

diagnose obstructive v restrictive lung disorders

46
Q

Spirometry (PFT)

A

measures lung function via amount & speed of air inhaled & exhaled

47
Q

What should you evaluate on a chest X ray?

A 
Adequate quality
Airway
Bones/soft tissue
Cardiac size
Diaphragms
Effusions
Fields/fissures
Foreign body?
Great vessels
Gastric bubble
Hilar masses

Impression-What are your overall findings?

PCM II Midterm (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions