ENT Lab Flashcards

1
Q

Order of ENT exam

A
inspect external ears
examine internal ears w/ otoscope
test for hearing (whisper test)
inspect external nose
inspect inside of nose
palpate/percuss sinuses
palpate lymph nodes (w/ pads of figner)
inspect external mouth
inspect internal mouth (using light)
palpate gums & tongue (w/ gloves)
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2
Q

Structures of external ear to visualize

A
auricle
helix
antihelix
concha
tragus & antitragus
triangular fossa
lobule
external auditory canal
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3
Q

Structures of inner ear to visualize

A
cone of light
umbo
malleus
manubrium
pars tensa
pars flaccida
chorda tympani nerve
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4
Q

How to examine inner ear of adult?

A

pull up, out & posterior

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5
Q

How to examine inner ear of child?

A

pull down, out & posterior

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6
Q

How does a normal tympanic membrane appear?

A

translucent & pearly

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7
Q

What is the umbo?

A

where eardrum meets tip of malleus (from where cone of light fans downward & anteriorly)

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8
Q

What is the pars tensa?

A

portion of drum that is inferior to pars flaccida

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9
Q

Where is the pars flaccida?

A

superior to malleus

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10
Q

Where is the chorda tymapni N located?

A

runs in superior part of inner ear near pars flaccida

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11
Q

Conductive hearing loss

A

external or middle ear problem

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12
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss

A

inner ear, cochlear N, or central brain connections problem

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13
Q

When do you perform the Weber & Rinne test?

A

if pt fails the whisper test

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14
Q

Normal whisper test

A

stand behind pt, have pt occlude 1 ear, dr exhales fully & whispers combo of #s & letters

normal: pt correctly repeats sequence or after 2 sequences, can identify 3 of 6

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15
Q

What is normal finding for Weber test?

A

sound lateralizes to both ears equally

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16
Q

What does abnormal finding for Weber test indicate?

A

if sound lateralizes to 1 ear, it is either conduction loss in that ear or sensorineural loss in opposite ear

17
Q

What does a normal Rinne test indicate?

A

Normal AC>BC (heard sound in front of ear for longer)
abnormal Weber test

sensorineural hearing loss in opposite ear

18
Q

What does an abnormal Rinne test indicate?

A

Abnormal BC>AC or AC=BC
abnormal Weber test

conductive loss to that ear

19
Q

Structures to visualize on external nose

A

ala nasi
columella
vestibule
bridges

note lesions, masses, nasal obstruction, tenderness

20
Q

Structures to visualize on internal nose

A

septum
vestibule
turbinates

21
Q

How does viral rhinitis present?

A

internal nasal mucosa is red or swollen (edema)

22
Q

What is septal perforation associated with?

A

cocaine, meth, trauma, surgery

23
Q

What is the function of turbinates?

A

covered by highly vascular mucous membranes & protrude into nasal cavity

cleanse, humidify & temperature controllers of inspired air

24
Q

Order to palpate lymph nodes

A

preauricular
posterior auricular (superficial to mastoid process)
occipital (base of skull posteriorly)
tonsillar (@ angle of mandible)
submandibular
submental
superficial cervical (superficial to SCM)
posterior cervical (anterior edge of trapezius)
deep cervical chain (deep to SCM)
supraclavicular

25
Normal lymph nodes
``` pea-sized round/regular shape spongy consistency non-tender mobile overlying skin is normal ```
26
Abnormal lymph nodes
``` large irregular shape hard consistency tender fixed (not mobile) overlying skin is red, warm & edematous ```
27
How to palpate frontal & maxillary sinuses
frontal: press up under bony brows maxillary: press up on location of maxillary sinuses
28
Structures to visualize on external mouth
lips philtrum (distance btwn nose & mouth) vermillion border
29
What is cheilitis associated with?
red cracks & corners of mouth B12 or iron deficiency
30
What are aphthous ulcers?
canker sores
31
What is gingivitis?
swelling or ulcerations on gums
32
What is torus palatinua?
benign lump on hard palate
33
Finding for paralyzed hard/soft palate
uvula deviates to opposite side & soft palate does not rise w/ saying "Ah"