lower respiratory disorders

Question 1

infection in one or both lungs; community, acquired, nosocomial

Answer 1

pneumonia

Question 2

s/s:
- tachypcnicnic
- hypoxic
- crackles on auscultation
- increased WBC
- dyspnea
- pleuracy
- chest pain worsened on deep breathing/coughing

Answer 2

pneumonia

Question 3

T/F: in the tx of pneumonia, start with broad-spectrum antibiotics and then narrow-spectrum

Answer 3

T

Question 4

pneumonia resulting from entry of endogenous or exogenous substances into lower airway

Answer 4

aspiration pneumonia

Question 5

prevention aspiration pneumonia

Answer 5

elevate HOB at least 30 degrees, thickened liquids, soft foods only, eat/drink slowly, cut foods into small bites, assess NG tube placement

Question 6

viral transmission by infected person via respiratory droplets & aerosols while breathing, speaking, coughing, or sneezing

Answer 6

COVID-19

Question 7

s/s:
- fever
- cough
- sore throat
- generalize malaise
- GI

Answer 7

COVID

Question 8

an elevated C-reactive protein indicates

Answer 8

inflammation

Question 9

an elevated d-dimer indicates

Answer 9

risk for clot

Question 10

antiviral option for COVID tx

Answer 10

taxlovid

Question 11

complications:
- resp failure
- shock
- multi-organ failure

Answer 11

COVID

Question 12

bacterial infection of lungs caused by mycobacterium transmitted person to person via talking, coughing, sneezing, singing, or laughing

Answer 12

pulmonary TB

Question 13

risk for pulmonary TB:

Answer 13

immunocompromised, older adults, prisoner, overcrowded housing

Question 14

TB type where pt has bacteria in body but asymptomatic

Answer 14

latent TB

Question 15

will test positive for TB but have a normal chest x-ray

Answer 15

latent TB

Question 16

pt has TB bacterua that’s actuve & multiplying

Answer 16

active TB

Question 17

T/F: after 2-3wks multi-drug therapy, pt can still transmit TB to others

Answer 17

F

Question 18

s/s:
- cough
- hemoptysis
- fever
- night sweats
- wt loss

Answer 18

pulmonary TB

Question 19

precautions for pulmonary TB

Answer 19

airborne (neg pressure room, N95 use)

Question 20

obstruction of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches by a thrombus that originated from within the venous system

Answer 20

pulmonary embolism

Question 21

s/s:
- sudden onset dyspnea, chest pain, & hypoxia

Answer 21

pulmonary embolism

Question 22

pulmonary embolism risks:

Answer 22

contraceptive use, surgery immobilizing pt, pregnancy, stroke, afib, obesity

Question 23

tx pulmonary embolism

Answer 23

anticoagulation (IV heparin), O2 admin

Question 24

closure of collapse of alveoli

Answer 24

atelectasis

Question 25

s/s: - tachypcnicnic - SOB - hypoxia - diminished breath sounds

Answer 25

atelectasis

Question 26

can result from: - excess fluids - ineffective breathing (COPD) - immobilization - pleural effusion - post-op**

Answer 26

atelectasis

Question 27

inflammation of pleura

Answer 27

pleurisy

Question 28

s/s: - pain worse on inspiration - severe, sharp, knife-like pain

Answer 28

pleurisy

Question 29

collection of fluid in pleural space

Answer 29

pleural effusion

Question 30

normal amount of fluid in pleural space

Answer 30

5-15mL

Question 31

s/s: - SOB - pleuritic pain - diminished lung sounds

Answer 31

pleural effusion

Question 32

symptom relief for pleural effusion

Answer 32

thoracentesis

Question 33

pleural space is exposed to air (positive pressure) & the lung collapses

Answer 33

pneumothorax

Question 34

s/s: - respiratory distress - anxiety - tachypcnicnic - decreasing O2 - absent breath sounds

Answer 34

pneumothorax

Question 35

types of pneumothorax:

Answer 35

spontaneous, traumatic, tension

Question 36

T/F: within a chest tube, it is normal to see constant bubbling in the water seal

Answer 36

F

Question 37

water level rises in chest tube on inspiration & falls on expiration

Answer 37

tidaling