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adult health > kidney disorders > Flashcards

kidney disorders Flashcards

1
Q

kidneys receive ___% of total cardiac output

A

25

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2
Q

contains nephrons

A

cortex

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3
Q

inner portion containing loop of henle, vasa recta, collecting ducts

A

medulla

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4
Q

responsible for the formation of filtrate that becomes urine

A

nephrons

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5
Q

once less than ___% of nephrons are functions, a pt is in end stage renal failure

A

15-20

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6
Q

normal GFR

A

90-125

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7
Q

these should never leave the body in urine

A

protein, glucose

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8
Q

hyperkalemia can lead to

A

cardiac arrhythmias

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9
Q

what can lower GFR

A

HTN, hyperlipidemia

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10
Q

T/F: the kidneys can endogenously produce bicarbonate for acid-base control

A

T

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11
Q

what do the kidneys make that are responsible for signaling bone marrow to produce RBCs?

A

erythropoietin (EPO)

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12
Q

what vitamin do the kidneys produce?

A

vitamin D (active form)

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13
Q

s/s:
- dyspnea
- tachycardia
- JVD
- peripheral edema
- pulmonary edema
- wt gain

A

hypervolemia

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14
Q

s/s:
- decreased UOP
- wt loss
- decreased skin turgor
- dry mucous membranes
- hypertension
- tachycardia

A

hypovolemia

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15
Q

nitrogen in the blood

A

azotemia

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16
Q

WASTE in the blood

A

uremia

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17
Q

chronic kidney disease is classified as a GFR of ___ lasting for ____months or longer

A

<60, 3

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18
Q

what will pt labs look like for chronic kidney disease?

A

decreased GFR, increased BUN & Cr, metabolic acidosis

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19
Q

what drug resolves metabolic acidosis

A

sodium bicarbonate (exogenous)

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20
Q

this signifies end stage kidney disease

A

uremia

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21
Q

s/s chronic kidney disease

A

CAD, anorexia, hyperparathyroidism, anemia, osteomalacia, uremia*

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22
Q

reversible causes CKD include

A

hypovolemia (diuretic use, vomiting, bleeding from sepsis, chronic NSAID use, contrast), urinary obstruction, BP

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23
Q

what drugs are used for BP control?

A

ACE inhibitors, ARBS

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24
Q

this nutrient should be restricted in kidney diseases

A

protein

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25
Q

treatment for acute anemia

A

transfusions

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26
Q

treatment for chronic anemia

A

exogenous EPO

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27
Q

drug used for dyslipidemia treatment

A

statins

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28
Q

treatment of fluid volume overload

A

loop diuretic (furosemide/lasix)

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29
Q

treatment hyperkalemia

A

k-exelate, low K diet

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30
Q

s/s end stage kidney failure

A

pericarditis, uremic neuropathy, thyroid dysfunction, bacterial infections due to immunosuppresion, malnutrition, uremic bleeding

31
Q

this can cause headaches, sleep disturbances, confusion/change in mental status

A

uremic neuropathy

32
Q

hardening of renal arteries due to prolonged DM &/or HTN

A

nephrosclerosis

33
Q

treatment nephrosclerosis

A

antihypertensives

34
Q

inflammation of glomerulus

A

acute nephrotic syndrome

35
Q

prominent cause of acute nephrotic syndrome

A

strep throat

36
Q

s/s:
- azotemia*
- proteinuria
- increased BUN/Cr
- decreased UOP
- hypoalbuminemia
- hematuria

A

acute nephrotic syndrome

37
Q

increased glomerular permeability due to glomerular damage

A

nephrotic syndrome

38
Q

s/s:
- massive proteinuria
- increased WBC in urine
- diffuse edema

A

nephrotic syndrome

39
Q

result of repeated episodes of kidney injury, leading to development of fibrotic tissue

A

chronic glomerulonephritis

40
Q

these can repeatedly damage kidneys

A

NSAIDs, HTN, DM

41
Q

genetic disorder, development of cysts all over kidneys

A

polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

42
Q

s/s PKD

A

back/flank pain, chronic pain, loss of kidney function

43
Q

goal of PKD treatment

A

transplant

44
Q

acute kidney injury caused by HTN or heart failure would be called

A

prerenal

45
Q

acute kidney injury caused by nephrotoxic agents or intratubular/acute tubular necrosis would be called

A

intrarenal

46
Q

acute kidney injury caused by obstruction distal to kidney would be called

A

postrenal

47
Q

phases of AKI

A

initiation, oliguria, diuresis, recovery

48
Q

pt not voiding, state or uremia

A

oliguria

49
Q

recivery from an AKI can take

A

3-12 months

50
Q

T/F: there is a high mortality rate associated with AKIs

A

T

51
Q

nutritional management for a pt with an AKI would include

A

high carbohydrate, low protein, low K, low phosphorous, low sodium

52
Q

this area of the body tends to gather edema and is prone to skin breakdown

A

sacral

53
Q

kidney disease progressed to the 5th stage

A

end stage kidney disease

54
Q

what is the result of ESKD chronic calcium/phosphorous imbalance?

A

brittle bones

55
Q

common symptom of ESKD

A

metabolic acidosis

56
Q

s/s metabolic acidosis:

A

headache, hyperkalemia, kussumal respirations, change in LOC, warm/flushed skin, n/v/d

57
Q

medical management ESKD

A

EPo exogenously, ACE/ARBS, anticonvulsants, calcium-binding agents, phosphorous binding agents, regulation protein intake, vitamin supplentation

58
Q

types of hemodialysis

A

tunneled hemodialysis catheter, AV fistula, AV graft

59
Q

preferred type of hemodialysis

A

AV fistula

60
Q

how long does it take for an AV fistula to mature

A

2-3 months

61
Q

blood diverted from pt to machine via use of a blood pump to dialyzer, cleans blood & returns to pt

A

hemodialysis

62
Q

what should you listen & feel for in hemodialysis ports?

A

thrill, bruit

63
Q

peritoneum serves an the semipermeable membrane, surgically placed tube in peritoneum

A

peritoneal dialysis

64
Q

inflow & outflow in peritoneal dialysis should be ______

A

equal

65
Q

patient manually performs peritoneal dialysis during waking hours

A

continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)

66
Q

dialysis done at night through PD machine that automatically performs dialysis while pt is sleeping

A

automated periotneal dialysis (CCPD)

67
Q

major complications peritoneal dialysis

A

peritonitis, leakage/inflow versus outflow, bleeding

68
Q

major sign peritonitis is _______ fluid

A

cloudy

69
Q

the only time bleeding is normal in peritoneal dialysis

A

initially & while women are menstruating

70
Q

CRRT is only performed in _____ settings

A

ICU

71
Q

indication for CRRT

A

hemodynamically ustable

72
Q

possible dialysis complications:

A

hypotension, air embolus, SOB, vitamin deficiencies

73
Q

uremia can cause a _____ taste in a pt’s mouth

A

metallic

74
Q

treatment of choice for ESKD

A

transplant

adult health (10 decks)

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