Lower Limb Questions Flashcards
(107 cards)
1
Q
Loss of patellar reflex and loss of cutaneous sensation on the anteromedial side of the leg indicate damage to this spinal nerve:
A
B.L4
2
Q
. Which statement concerning the great saphenous vein is false?
A. When it is removed and inserted as a coronary bypass, it is reversed, so that the cusps do not obstruct blood flow.
B. It is located about ten cm. (a handbreadth) posterior to the medial border of the patella.
C. It passes anterior to the medial malleolus.
D. It perforates the femoral sheath
E. It is accompanied by the sural nerve in the leg.
A
E. It is accompanied by the sural nerve in the leg.
3
Q
- The deep fascia of the thigh:
A
C. is attached to the whole length of the inguinal ligament
4
Q
. Structures passing through the adductor hiatus include
A
D. neither profunda femoral artery or saphenous nerve
5
Q
Skin on the most dorsal part of the foot is supplied by the:
A
neither sural and first sacral nerves
6
Q
The muscle which can both flex the hip and extend the knee is:
A
Rectus Femoris
7
Q
The actions of the gracilis muscle include _______ of the thigh at the hip and _______ of the leg at the knee.
A
Adduction, Flexion
8
Q
Which muscle is able to produce flexion at the knee joint more efficiently if the hip joint is in flexion at the same time?
A
Semimembranosus
9
Q
Difficulty extending the knee can result from damage to the ________.
A
Femoral Nerve
10
Q
Muscles in the posterior thigh compartment are paralyzed because the sciatic nerve has been severed. Nevertheless the patient can still produce some flexion of the leg at the knee due to action of the:
A
Sartorius
11
Q
The muscle that is not a medial rotator of the leg is the
A
Biceps Femoris
12
Q
After an obturator nerve injury, some adduction of the thigh is still possible because of double innervation to the:
A
Adductor Magnus
13
Q
After passing through the obturator canal, divisions of the obturator nerve (an anterior branch and a posterior branch) pass on either side of the:
A
Adductor Brevis
14
Q
Injury to the tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa might result in:
A
Inability to stand on one’s toes
15
Q
The fibular artery:
A
Courses through the deep posterior compartment of the leg
16
Q
A tight plaster cast that exerted pressure on the head and neck of the fibula might result in loss of:
A
Eversion of the foot
17
Q
When the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg swell from some kind of overuse:
A
. the deep fibular nerve may be injured
B. there is loss of sensation in the web space between the great and second toes
18
Q
The medial and lateral plantar neurovascular structures enter the foot deep to the:
A
Abductor Hallucis
19
Q
The medial plantar nerve innervates:
A
Abductor Hallucis
20
Q
The deep plantar arch:
A
Is formed primarily from the lateral plantar artery
21
Q
The arcuate artery
A
Courses deep to extensor digitorum brevis
22
Q
The lateral plantar nerve:
A
courses between quadratus plantae and flexor digitorum brevis muscles
B. supplies quadratus plantae m.
23
Q
The two bellies of flexor hallucis brevis muscle:
A
have insertions that contain sesmoid bones
24
Q
The tendon of peroneus longus:
A
Nether attaches to the navicular bone nor courses between quadratus plantae and flexor digitorum brevis muscles
25
Which statement is false concerning the hip joint?
A. it is a ball and socket joint
B. the entire acetabulum articulates with the femoral head
C. the acetabulum is deepened by the acetabular labrum
D. the ligamentum teres is attached to the fovea on the femoral head
E. the iliofemoral ligament attaches to the intertrochanteric line
The entire acetabulum articulates with the femoral head
26
26. Which statement concerning the hip joint is false?
A. The transverse acetabular ligament bridges the acetabular notch
B. The proximal attachment of the iliofemoral ligament is to the ASIS
C. The acetabulum is formed by the ilium, ischium, and pubis
D. The iliofemoral ligament prevents hyperextension of the hip joint
E. Fractures of the femoral neck, rather than the femoral shaft, usually sever arteries supplying the femoral head
The proximal attachment of the iliofemoral ligament is to the ASIS
27
The fibular collateral ligament is
Located superficial to the tendon of popliteus
28
The _______ ligament of the knee joint attaches to the _______.
Tibial collateral; Periphery of medial meniscus
29
True statements concerning the anterior cruciate ligament include:
It prevents posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia
30
Important stabilizing structures on the lateral side of the knee joint are:
B. fibular collateral ligament; biceps tendon;and iliotibial tract
31
The major cutaneous innervation of the anteromedial side of the leg is provided by which nerve?
D. saphenous
32
Which muscle attaches to the lesser trochanter of the femur?
A. iliopsoas
33
The principle action of the gracilis muscle is _______ of the thigh at the hip.
E. adduction
34
In the subsartorial canal this muscle separated the femoral artery from the deep (profunda) femoral artery:
D. adductor longus
35
The neck of a femoral hernia lies lateral to the:
A. pubic tubercle
36
A 50-year-old man complained of a lump in his groin. His physician suspected an enlarged superficial inguinal lymph node. What areas should be examined to find the source of the problem?
Both skin of buttocks and scrotum
37
The great saphenous vein:
A. passes anterior to the medial malleolus
| B. passes a handbreadth posterior to the medial border of the patella
38
This structure forms the boundary between the greater and lesser sciatic foramina:
D. sacrospinous ligament
39
39. This is the only gluteal muscle to originate from the posterior surface of the sacrum:
B. gluteus maximus
40
Nerve injury of sacral spinal nerve 1 will result in pain located along the
D. lateral side of the foot
41
If the sciatic nerve were damaged by an intramuscular injection in the buttocks, the patient would have diminished cutaneous sensation on the:
A. dorsum of the foot
42
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All the following pass through the greater sciatic foramen EXCEPT:
A. piriformis muscle
B. pudendal nerve
C. sciatic nerve
D. inferior gluteal vessels and nerve
E. obturator internus tendon
```
E. obturator internus tendon
43
The superior gluteal nerve:
C. must be intact to resist pelvic tilt during gait
44
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All of the following muscles are lateral rotators of the thigh at the hip EXCEPT the:
A. gluteus maximus
B. gluteus minimus
C. obturator internus
D. obturator externus
E. piriformis
```
B. gluteus minimus
45
```
. All of the following muscles are medial rotators of the leg EXCEPT:
A. semimembranosus
B. semitendinosus
C. biceps femoris
D. gracilis
E. popliteus
```
C. biceps femoris
46
. Which statement about the semimembranosus muscle is FALSE?
A. it extends at the hip joint
B. it attaches to the medial condyle of the tibia
C. it flexes at the knee joint
D. it forms the arcuate ligament
E. it is innervated by the tibial portion of the sciatic nerve
D. it forms the arcuate ligament
47
Gracilis, sartorius, semimembranosus
C. act across both hip and knee joints
48
What nerve has been damaged in a patient who can no longer extend his knee?
C. femoral
49
What nerve has been damaged in a patient whose pelvis tilts too far toward the right when walking?
B. left superior gluteal nerve
50
Excessive anterior movement of the tibia when pulling forward on the leg with the knee flexed would indicate damage to this ligament of the knee:
C. anterior cruciate
51
The saphenous nerve
C. is the only branch of the femoral nerve that extends considerably below the knee
52
What nerve is damaged in a patient whose foot is everted and dorsiflexed and who cannot flex his/her toes?
A. tibial
53
The femoral sheath
A. is found in the femoral triangle
| B. has a medially located compartment called the femoral canal
54
Fascia lata
A. is the investing fascia of the thigh
B. is fused with the inguinal ligament from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle
C. is thickened laterally forming the iliotibial tract
55
The lateral compartment of the leg
A. usually contains no major artery
| B. contains only two muscles
56
The biceps femoris muscle
A. lies lateral to the popliteal fossa
57
Where would you feel for the pulse of the dorsalis pedis artery?
C. directly lateral to the tendon of extensor hallucis longus
58
Which nerve has been damaged in a patient whose pelvis tilts down to the left when he stands on his right foot?
B. right superior gluteal nerve
59
The gluteus maximus muscle:
```
A. has an origin from the ischium
B. inserts only onto the femur
C. is a flexor of the thigh at the hip
D. is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve
E. none of the above
```
60
The inferior gluteal nerve:
B. leaves the pelvis just inferior to the piriformis muscle
61
The nerve supply to the muscles of the lateral fascial compartment of the leg is directly by this nerve:
B. superficial peroneal
62
The spinal cord segment that supplies the cutaneous innervation to the lateral side of the foot is:
D. S1
63
The most important arterial supply to the head of the femur is via:
B. retinacular vessels
64
If the foot is inverted due to paralysis of some muscles, one of the muscles that is paralyzed is the:
C. peroneus longus
65
The blood supply to the anterior compartment muscles of the leg is normally:
A. the anterior tibial artery, a branch of the popliteal artery
66
The deep peroneal nerve supplies motor fibers to:
C. peroneus tertius (a portion of extensor digitorum longus)
67
The anterior tibial artery:
A. is normally a branch of the popliteal artery
B. runs with the deep peroneal nerve on the anterior surface of the interosseus membrane of the leg
C. usually terminates as the dorsalis pedis artery
68
The following structures are in the femoral sheath, which is an extension of abdominal and pelvic fascias:
A. femoral artery
B. femoral vein
C. deep femoral lymphatics
D. fatty connective tissue
69
The branch(es) of the femoral nerve that extend into the leg proper (ie lower leg) is (are
D. the saphenous nerve, carrying only sensory fibers
70
The anterior part of the talus articulates with the:
E. navicular
71
A barefoot child steps on a broken bottle and severs an artery on the medial side of the plantar surface of the big toe; the best place to apply pressure to stop bleeding would be:
C. between medial malleolus and calcaneus
72
Severing the common peroneal nerve results in inability to:
A. evert the foot
| B. extend (dorsiflex) the foot
73
When the foot is suddenly and violently inverted, the tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal may be avulsed (pulled off) by the tendon of this muscle:
B. peroneus brevis
74
The pulse of the posterior tibial artery is best felt:
E. posterior to the medial malleolus
75
Muscles inserting on the medial aspect of the proximal end of the tibia include
A. gracilis
76
The patellar tendon reflex involves which spinal nerves?
B. L3 and L4
77
Which statements concerning the quadriceps femoris is FALSE?
A. The tone of quadriceps femoris is very important to the stability of the knee joint.
B. The final insertion of most of its fibers is to the tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament.
C. The lowest fibers of vastus medialis prevent medial displacement of the patella.
D. Much of the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis originate from the linea aspera.
. The lowest fibers of vastus medialis prevent medial displacement of the patella.
78
Each of the following matchings of thigh muscles with points of origin is correct EXCEPT:
A. sartorius—anterior superior iliac spine
B. long head of biceps femoris—ischial tuberosity
C. straight head of rectus femoris—anterior inferior iliac spine
D. pectineus—superior ramus of pubis
E. semitendinosus—linea aspera of femur
E. semitendinosus—linea aspera of femur
79
Each of the following statements concerning the tibial nerve is true EXCEPT:
A. It is a branch of the sciatic nerve.
B. It is motor to all muscles in the superficial and deep compartments of the leg.
C. It passes down the leg between gastrocnemius and soleus
D. It passes posterior to the medial mallolus
E. Its terminal branches are the medial and lateral plantar nerves.
C. It passes down the leg between gastrocnemius and soleus
80
The muscle that contracts to unlock the extended knee joint is the:
A. popliteus
81
Femoral hernias:
E. pass downward posterior and inferior to the inguinal ligament
82
A sharp blow to the neck of the fibula is most apt to result in damage to which structure?
B. common peroneal nerve
83
Paralysis of which nerve would result in “foot drop”?
D. deep peroneal
84
Your patient is unable to stand on his toes. The damaged nerve is the:
B. tibial
85
This artery passes posterior to the medial malleolus:
A. posterior tibial
86
Tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior BOTH:
A. invert the foot
87
The flexor retinaculum of the foot attaches to which two bony structures?
B. calcaneus and medial malleolus
88
In a very young child, the head of the femur usually receives most of its blood supply from a branch of the:
A. obturator artery
89
The iliofemoral ligament
A. attaches to the anterior superior iliac spine
B. resists flexion at the hip
D. neither
90
A torn anterior cruciate ligament would permit:
C. anterior displacement of the leg at the knee
91
The “spring” ligament attaches to what two bones?
E. calcaneus and navicular
92
The ligament usually injured in a hyper-inversion of the foot (sprained ankle) is the:
D. Lateral collateral
93
The anterior tibial artery:
B. continues as dorsalis pedis artery
94
The gastrocnemius muscle can produce:
A. plantar flexion of the foot
| B. flexion of the leg at the knee
95
The soleus muscle:
A. is innervated by the tibial nerve
| B. is a plantar flexor of the foot
96
Which muscle inserts onto the tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal bone?
B. Peroneus brevis
97
The muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg are:
B. evertors of the foot
98
Which muscle is essential to lift the heel off the ground in walking?
E. gastrocnemius
99
The fibular collateral ligament is:
B. located superficial to the tendon of the popliteus
100
Which statement concerning ligaments of the hip joint is FALSE?
A. the iliofemoral ligament prevents hyperextension
B. the ligament of the head of the femur is attached to the transverse acetabular ligament
C. the iliofemoral ligament is in the shape of an inverted Y
D. the ishiofemoral ligament attaches to the intertochanteric crest
E. the transverse acetabular ligament bridges the acetabular notch
D. the ishiofemoral ligament attaches to the intertochanteric crest
101
The deltoid ligament :
A. is attached to the talus, navicular and calcaneus
| B. is torn less commonly than the lateral ligament of the ankle
102
The medial meniscus:
B. is much broader behind than in front
103
The suprapatellar bursa:
communicates directly with the knee joint cavity
104
Which one of the following structures attaches to the most anterior part of the tibial plateau?
A. anterior cruciate ligament
B. posterior cruciate ligamet
C. anterior horn of the medial meniscus
D. anterior horn of the lateral semilunar cartilage
E. ligament of Wrisberg
C. anterior horn of the medial meniscus
105
Which nerve is endangered during a canulation of the great saphenous vein?
saphenous
106
The sural nerve is located most closely to the:
B. lateral malleolus
107
The best diagnostic test for the anterior compartment syndrome of the leg is to check for loss of cutaneous sensation on the:
C. dorsum of the foot, between the first and second toes
