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Anatomy > Lower Limb Questions > Flashcards

Lower Limb Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Loss of patellar reflex and loss of cutaneous sensation on the anteromedial side of the leg indicate damage to this spinal nerve:

A

B.L4

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2
Q

. Which statement concerning the great saphenous vein is false?
A. When it is removed and inserted as a coronary bypass, it is reversed, so that the cusps do not obstruct blood flow.
B. It is located about ten cm. (a handbreadth) posterior to the medial border of the patella.
C. It passes anterior to the medial malleolus.
D. It perforates the femoral sheath
E. It is accompanied by the sural nerve in the leg.

A

E. It is accompanied by the sural nerve in the leg.

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3
Q
  1. The deep fascia of the thigh:
A

C. is attached to the whole length of the inguinal ligament

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4
Q

. Structures passing through the adductor hiatus include

A

D. neither profunda femoral artery or saphenous nerve

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5
Q

Skin on the most dorsal part of the foot is supplied by the:

A

neither sural and first sacral nerves

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6
Q

The muscle which can both flex the hip and extend the knee is:

A

Rectus Femoris

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7
Q

The actions of the gracilis muscle include _______ of the thigh at the hip and _______ of the leg at the knee.

A

Adduction, Flexion

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8
Q

Which muscle is able to produce flexion at the knee joint more efficiently if the hip joint is in flexion at the same time?

A

Semimembranosus

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9
Q

Difficulty extending the knee can result from damage to the ________.

A

Femoral Nerve

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10
Q

Muscles in the posterior thigh compartment are paralyzed because the sciatic nerve has been severed. Nevertheless the patient can still produce some flexion of the leg at the knee due to action of the:

A

Sartorius

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11
Q

The muscle that is not a medial rotator of the leg is the

A

Biceps Femoris

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12
Q

After an obturator nerve injury, some adduction of the thigh is still possible because of double innervation to the:

A

Adductor Magnus

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13
Q

After passing through the obturator canal, divisions of the obturator nerve (an anterior branch and a posterior branch) pass on either side of the:

A

Adductor Brevis

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14
Q

Injury to the tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa might result in:

A

Inability to stand on one’s toes

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15
Q

The fibular artery:

A

Courses through the deep posterior compartment of the leg

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16
Q

A tight plaster cast that exerted pressure on the head and neck of the fibula might result in loss of:

A

Eversion of the foot

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17
Q

When the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg swell from some kind of overuse:

A

. the deep fibular nerve may be injured

B. there is loss of sensation in the web space between the great and second toes

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18
Q

The medial and lateral plantar neurovascular structures enter the foot deep to the:

A

Abductor Hallucis

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19
Q

The medial plantar nerve innervates:

A

Abductor Hallucis

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20
Q

The deep plantar arch:

A

Is formed primarily from the lateral plantar artery

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21
Q

The arcuate artery

A

Courses deep to extensor digitorum brevis

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22
Q

The lateral plantar nerve:

A

courses between quadratus plantae and flexor digitorum brevis muscles
B. supplies quadratus plantae m.

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23
Q

The two bellies of flexor hallucis brevis muscle:

A

have insertions that contain sesmoid bones

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24
Q

The tendon of peroneus longus:

A

Nether attaches to the navicular bone nor courses between quadratus plantae and flexor digitorum brevis muscles

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25
Q

Which statement is false concerning the hip joint?
A. it is a ball and socket joint
B. the entire acetabulum articulates with the femoral head
C. the acetabulum is deepened by the acetabular labrum
D. the ligamentum teres is attached to the fovea on the femoral head
E. the iliofemoral ligament attaches to the intertrochanteric line

A

The entire acetabulum articulates with the femoral head

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26
Q
  1. Which statement concerning the hip joint is false?
    A. The transverse acetabular ligament bridges the acetabular notch
    B. The proximal attachment of the iliofemoral ligament is to the ASIS
    C. The acetabulum is formed by the ilium, ischium, and pubis
    D. The iliofemoral ligament prevents hyperextension of the hip joint
    E. Fractures of the femoral neck, rather than the femoral shaft, usually sever arteries supplying the femoral head
A

The proximal attachment of the iliofemoral ligament is to the ASIS

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27
Q

The fibular collateral ligament is

A

Located superficial to the tendon of popliteus

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28
Q

The _______ ligament of the knee joint attaches to the _______.

A

Tibial collateral; Periphery of medial meniscus

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29
Q

True statements concerning the anterior cruciate ligament include:

A

It prevents posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia

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30
Q

Important stabilizing structures on the lateral side of the knee joint are:

A

B. fibular collateral ligament; biceps tendon;and iliotibial tract

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31
Q

The major cutaneous innervation of the anteromedial side of the leg is provided by which nerve?

A

D. saphenous

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32
Q

Which muscle attaches to the lesser trochanter of the femur?

A

A. iliopsoas

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33
Q

The principle action of the gracilis muscle is _______ of the thigh at the hip.

A

E. adduction

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34
Q

In the subsartorial canal this muscle separated the femoral artery from the deep (profunda) femoral artery:

A

D. adductor longus

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35
Q

The neck of a femoral hernia lies lateral to the:

A

A. pubic tubercle

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36
Q

A 50-year-old man complained of a lump in his groin. His physician suspected an enlarged superficial inguinal lymph node. What areas should be examined to find the source of the problem?

A

Both skin of buttocks and scrotum

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37
Q

The great saphenous vein:

A

A. passes anterior to the medial malleolus

B. passes a handbreadth posterior to the medial border of the patella

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38
Q

This structure forms the boundary between the greater and lesser sciatic foramina:

A

D. sacrospinous ligament

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39
Q
  1. This is the only gluteal muscle to originate from the posterior surface of the sacrum:
A

B. gluteus maximus

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40
Q

Nerve injury of sacral spinal nerve 1 will result in pain located along the

A

D. lateral side of the foot

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41
Q

If the sciatic nerve were damaged by an intramuscular injection in the buttocks, the patient would have diminished cutaneous sensation on the:

A

A. dorsum of the foot

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42
Q 
All the following pass through the greater sciatic foramen EXCEPT:
A.	piriformis muscle
B.	pudendal nerve
C.	sciatic nerve
D.	inferior gluteal vessels and nerve
E.	obturator internus tendon
A

E. obturator internus tendon

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43
Q

The superior gluteal nerve:

A

C. must be intact to resist pelvic tilt during gait

44
Q 
All of the following muscles are lateral rotators of the thigh at the hip EXCEPT the:
A.	gluteus maximus
B.	gluteus minimus
C.	obturator internus
D.	obturator externus
E.	piriformis
A

B. gluteus minimus

45
Q 
. All of the following muscles are medial rotators of the leg EXCEPT:
A.	semimembranosus
B.	semitendinosus
C.	biceps femoris
D.	gracilis
E.	popliteus
A

C. biceps femoris

46
Q

. Which statement about the semimembranosus muscle is FALSE?
A. it extends at the hip joint
B. it attaches to the medial condyle of the tibia
C. it flexes at the knee joint
D. it forms the arcuate ligament
E. it is innervated by the tibial portion of the sciatic nerve

A

D. it forms the arcuate ligament

47
Q

Gracilis, sartorius, semimembranosus

A

C. act across both hip and knee joints

48
Q

What nerve has been damaged in a patient who can no longer extend his knee?

A

C. femoral

49
Q

What nerve has been damaged in a patient whose pelvis tilts too far toward the right when walking?

A

B. left superior gluteal nerve

50
Q

Excessive anterior movement of the tibia when pulling forward on the leg with the knee flexed would indicate damage to this ligament of the knee:

A

C. anterior cruciate

51
Q

The saphenous nerve

A

C. is the only branch of the femoral nerve that extends considerably below the knee

52
Q

What nerve is damaged in a patient whose foot is everted and dorsiflexed and who cannot flex his/her toes?

A

A. tibial

53
Q

The femoral sheath

A

A. is found in the femoral triangle

B. has a medially located compartment called the femoral canal

54
Q

Fascia lata

A

A. is the investing fascia of the thigh
B. is fused with the inguinal ligament from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle
C. is thickened laterally forming the iliotibial tract

55
Q

The lateral compartment of the leg

A

A. usually contains no major artery

B. contains only two muscles

56
Q

The biceps femoris muscle

A

A. lies lateral to the popliteal fossa

57
Q

Where would you feel for the pulse of the dorsalis pedis artery?

A

C. directly lateral to the tendon of extensor hallucis longus

58
Q

Which nerve has been damaged in a patient whose pelvis tilts down to the left when he stands on his right foot?

A

B. right superior gluteal nerve

59
Q

The gluteus maximus muscle:

A 
A.	has an origin from the ischium
B.	inserts only onto the femur
C.	is a flexor of the thigh at the hip
D.	is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve
E.	none of the above
60
Q

The inferior gluteal nerve:

A

B. leaves the pelvis just inferior to the piriformis muscle

61
Q

The nerve supply to the muscles of the lateral fascial compartment of the leg is directly by this nerve:

A

B. superficial peroneal

62
Q

The spinal cord segment that supplies the cutaneous innervation to the lateral side of the foot is:

A

D. S1

63
Q

The most important arterial supply to the head of the femur is via:

A

B. retinacular vessels

64
Q

If the foot is inverted due to paralysis of some muscles, one of the muscles that is paralyzed is the:

A

C. peroneus longus

65
Q

The blood supply to the anterior compartment muscles of the leg is normally:

A

A. the anterior tibial artery, a branch of the popliteal artery

66
Q

The deep peroneal nerve supplies motor fibers to:

A

C. peroneus tertius (a portion of extensor digitorum longus)

67
Q

The anterior tibial artery:

A

A. is normally a branch of the popliteal artery
B. runs with the deep peroneal nerve on the anterior surface of the interosseus membrane of the leg
C. usually terminates as the dorsalis pedis artery

68
Q

The following structures are in the femoral sheath, which is an extension of abdominal and pelvic fascias:

A

A. femoral artery
B. femoral vein
C. deep femoral lymphatics
D. fatty connective tissue

69
Q

The branch(es) of the femoral nerve that extend into the leg proper (ie lower leg) is (are

A

D. the saphenous nerve, carrying only sensory fibers

70
Q

The anterior part of the talus articulates with the:

A

E. navicular

71
Q

A barefoot child steps on a broken bottle and severs an artery on the medial side of the plantar surface of the big toe; the best place to apply pressure to stop bleeding would be:

A

C. between medial malleolus and calcaneus

72
Q

Severing the common peroneal nerve results in inability to:

A

A. evert the foot

B. extend (dorsiflex) the foot

73
Q

When the foot is suddenly and violently inverted, the tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal may be avulsed (pulled off) by the tendon of this muscle:

A

B. peroneus brevis

74
Q

The pulse of the posterior tibial artery is best felt:

A

E. posterior to the medial malleolus

75
Q

Muscles inserting on the medial aspect of the proximal end of the tibia include

A

A. gracilis

76
Q

The patellar tendon reflex involves which spinal nerves?

A

B. L3 and L4

77
Q

Which statements concerning the quadriceps femoris is FALSE?
A. The tone of quadriceps femoris is very important to the stability of the knee joint.
B. The final insertion of most of its fibers is to the tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament.
C. The lowest fibers of vastus medialis prevent medial displacement of the patella.
D. Much of the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis originate from the linea aspera.

A

. The lowest fibers of vastus medialis prevent medial displacement of the patella.

78
Q

Each of the following matchings of thigh muscles with points of origin is correct EXCEPT:
A. sartorius—anterior superior iliac spine
B. long head of biceps femoris—ischial tuberosity
C. straight head of rectus femoris—anterior inferior iliac spine
D. pectineus—superior ramus of pubis
E. semitendinosus—linea aspera of femur

A

E. semitendinosus—linea aspera of femur

79
Q

Each of the following statements concerning the tibial nerve is true EXCEPT:
A. It is a branch of the sciatic nerve.
B. It is motor to all muscles in the superficial and deep compartments of the leg.
C. It passes down the leg between gastrocnemius and soleus
D. It passes posterior to the medial mallolus
E. Its terminal branches are the medial and lateral plantar nerves.

A

C. It passes down the leg between gastrocnemius and soleus

80
Q

The muscle that contracts to unlock the extended knee joint is the:

A

A. popliteus

81
Q

Femoral hernias:

A

E. pass downward posterior and inferior to the inguinal ligament

82
Q

A sharp blow to the neck of the fibula is most apt to result in damage to which structure?

A

B. common peroneal nerve

83
Q

Paralysis of which nerve would result in “foot drop”?

A

D. deep peroneal

84
Q

Your patient is unable to stand on his toes. The damaged nerve is the:

A

B. tibial

85
Q

This artery passes posterior to the medial malleolus:

A

A. posterior tibial

86
Q

Tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior BOTH:

A

A. invert the foot

87
Q

The flexor retinaculum of the foot attaches to which two bony structures?

A

B. calcaneus and medial malleolus

88
Q

In a very young child, the head of the femur usually receives most of its blood supply from a branch of the:

A

A. obturator artery

89
Q

The iliofemoral ligament

A

A. attaches to the anterior superior iliac spine
B. resists flexion at the hip
D. neither

90
Q

A torn anterior cruciate ligament would permit:

A

C. anterior displacement of the leg at the knee

91
Q

The “spring” ligament attaches to what two bones?

A

E. calcaneus and navicular

92
Q

The ligament usually injured in a hyper-inversion of the foot (sprained ankle) is the:

A

D. Lateral collateral

93
Q

The anterior tibial artery:

A

B. continues as dorsalis pedis artery

94
Q

The gastrocnemius muscle can produce:

A

A. plantar flexion of the foot

B. flexion of the leg at the knee

95
Q

The soleus muscle:

A

A. is innervated by the tibial nerve

B. is a plantar flexor of the foot

96
Q

Which muscle inserts onto the tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal bone?

A

B. Peroneus brevis

97
Q

The muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg are:

A

B. evertors of the foot

98
Q

Which muscle is essential to lift the heel off the ground in walking?

A

E. gastrocnemius

99
Q

The fibular collateral ligament is:

A

B. located superficial to the tendon of the popliteus

100
Q

Which statement concerning ligaments of the hip joint is FALSE?
A. the iliofemoral ligament prevents hyperextension
B. the ligament of the head of the femur is attached to the transverse acetabular ligament
C. the iliofemoral ligament is in the shape of an inverted Y
D. the ishiofemoral ligament attaches to the intertochanteric crest
E. the transverse acetabular ligament bridges the acetabular notch

A

D. the ishiofemoral ligament attaches to the intertochanteric crest

101
Q

The deltoid ligament :

A

A. is attached to the talus, navicular and calcaneus

B. is torn less commonly than the lateral ligament of the ankle

102
Q

The medial meniscus:

A

B. is much broader behind than in front

103
Q

The suprapatellar bursa:

A

communicates directly with the knee joint cavity

104
Q

Which one of the following structures attaches to the most anterior part of the tibial plateau?
A. anterior cruciate ligament
B. posterior cruciate ligamet
C. anterior horn of the medial meniscus
D. anterior horn of the lateral semilunar cartilage
E. ligament of Wrisberg

A

C. anterior horn of the medial meniscus

105
Q

Which nerve is endangered during a canulation of the great saphenous vein?

A

saphenous

106
Q

The sural nerve is located most closely to the:

A

B. lateral malleolus

107
Q

The best diagnostic test for the anterior compartment syndrome of the leg is to check for loss of cutaneous sensation on the:

A

C. dorsum of the foot, between the first and second toes

Anatomy (5 decks)

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