Gait Flashcards
The gait cycle is defined as:
b. The point of initial contact of one lower extremity to the point of initial contact of the same lower extremity.
The stance phase/period comprises approximately what percent of the gait
cycle:
60%
The swing phase/period comprises approximately what percent of the gait
cycle:
40%
How many periods of double support exist during the gait cycle?
2
The double support period occurs when
b. One lower extremity is at the beginning of its stance phase and the other is near the end of its stance phase
- The traditional stance phase of gait is subdivided into three periods. They are
d. Contact, mid-stance, and propulsion
- The primary function of gait is
b. Locomotion of the entire body
- The greatest amount of shock absorption occurs during
Contact
- Propulsion of the body is achieved by:
d. forward fall and forward swing of the contralateral limb
10. Which of the following serve as “rockers,” or pivot points, to preserve the body’s forward momentum? a. The heel and ankle b. The ankle and forefoot c. The forefoot and heel d. The heel, ankle, and the forefoot
d. The heel, ankle, and the forefoot
- The determinants of gait are:
a. Six patterns of motions or adjustments made by the body to minimize the displacement of the center of gravity
- The three primary functional tasks of gait defined in the Ranchos approach
are:
b. Weight acceptance, single limb support, and limb advancement
- The contact period ends with:
b. Toe off of the contralateral side
- During the initial contact of the heel with the ground , what percentage of
bodyweight contacts the ground in the first 0.02 seconds?
60%
- The primary function of the quadriceps during contact is :
b. Eccentric to absorb shock and control knee flexion
- During contact, the pattern of ankle motion is :
c. Rapid plantarflexion followed by steady dorsiflexion
- The primary shock absorption mechanism in the foot during contact is:
d. Eccentric control of pronation by the tibialis posterior and anterior
- The primary muscle function at the hip during contact is:
c. Concentric facilitation of hip extension by the gluteus maximus and hamstrings
- The function of the anterior compartment muscles during contact is best
described as:
c. Eccentric control of ankle plantarflexion
- The best description of the activation pattern of the hip abductors during
mid-stance is:
a. The gluteus medius is most active early and the tensor fascia lata is most active late in mid-stance
- Which of the following is true about muscle function at the knee during mid
stance?
a. By the second half of mid-stance, much of the muscular control is from the gastrocsoleus complex
b. The quadriceps are very active during mid-stance to provide stability to the knee due to the gravity line being anterior to the knee throughout much of mid-stance
c. The hamstrings play a vital role in limiting knee extension during mid-stance
d. The popliteus reaches its peak activity during mid-stance
a. By the second half of mid-stance, much of the muscular control is from the gastrocsoleus complex
- Motion at the foot and ankle during mid-stance is best described as:
d. Steady dorsiflexion and supination
- Which of the following is true?
a. The soleus has minimal function during mid-stance
b. The soleus is primarily responsible for decelerating dorsiflexion during mid-stance
c. The posterior tibialis functions to facilitate pronation during mid-stance
d. The anterior compartment muscles play a primary role in facilitating dorsiflexion during mid-stance
b. The soleus is primarily responsible for decelerating dorsiflexion during mid-stance
- Maximal lateral shift of the pelvis during stance occurs:
c. At the middle of mid-stance
- Sagittal plane motion at the hip during propulsion is best described as:
c. Moving from 10° of extension to neutral
- The demand on the tensor fascia lata to control pelvic drop on the
contralateral side is reduced during propulsion by:
d. Shifting of the pelvis closer to the midline
- The initiation of knee flexion that occurs during propulsion is a direct result
of:
c. Movement of the body vector anterior to the metarsalphalangeal joint, resulting in forward rotation of the tibia
- The major progression force used in walking is generated by:
a. Movement of the center of pressure anterior to the forefoot rocker, causing a free
- At the end of mid-stance, the foot reaches its position of:
a. Maximum dorsiflexion
- Hip flexion that occurs late in propulsion is a result of:
a. Light activity of the hip flexors (iliopsoas and rectus femoris)
b. The rapid ankle plantarflexion that is occurring
c. The rapid knee flexion that is occurring
d. All of the above
- The knee achieves approximately how many degrees of flexion by the end of
propulsion
c. 40°
- The primary function of knee flexion during propulsion is:
b. To prepare the way for toe clearance during swing
- During propulsion, the ankle undergoes rapid:
b. Plantarflexion
- Much of the plantarflexion that occurs in propulsion is:
b. Ballistic activity form the previously generated momentum
- The initiation of hip flexion during initial swing is a result of:
a. Activity of the hip flexors
b. Momentum generated during propulsion
- Prevention of pelvic drop during swing is a result of:
a. Ipsilateral quadratus lumborum activity
b. Contralateral gluteus medius activity
c. Ipsilateral paraspinal muscle activity
d. All of the above
- Knee flexion reaches its maximum of 60° during:
a. initial swing
- Sufficient knee flexion during swing is critical because:
c. It reduces the need for dorsiflexion to obtain toe clearance
- The ankle dorsiflexors reach their peak activity during:
a. Initial swing
- Knee extension during swing begins during:
b. Mid-swing
- The role of the hamstrings during mid-swing is:
b. To control the rate of knee extension
- The anterior compartment muscles are:
a. The only muscles active at the ankle during swing
- Which of the following is true about the pelvis during terminal swing?
a. The swing side is at its highest and the pelvis is in neutral rotation in the transverse plane
b. The stance side is at its highest and the pelvis reaches its maximum anterior rotation
c. The pelvis is level and reaches its maximum posterior rotation
d. The stance side is at its lowest and the pelvis reaches its maximum anterior rotation
b. The stance side is at its highest and the pelvis reaches its maximum anterior rotation
- During the initial contact of the heel with the ground, what percentage of
bodyweight contacts the ground in the first 0.02 seconds?
60%
- The primary function of the quadriceps during initial contact and loading
response is:
b. Eccentric to absorb shock and control knee flexion
- During initial contact and loading response, the pattern of ankle motion is:
c. Rapid plantarflexion followed by steady dorsiflexion
- The primary shock absorption mechanism in the foot during initial contact is:
d. Eccentric control of pronation by the tibialis posterior and anterior
- The primary muscle function at the hip during initial contact and loading
response is :
c. Concentric facilitation of hip extension by the gluteus maximus and hamstrings
- The function of the anterior compartment muscles during initial contact and
loading response is best described as:
c. Eccentric control of ankle plantarflexion
- The best description of the activation pattern of the hip abductors during mid-
stance is:
a. The gluteus medius is most active early and the tensor fascia lata is most active late in mid-stance
- Which of the following is true about muscle function at the knee during mid-
stance?
a. By the second half of mid-stance, much of the muscular control is from the gastrocsoleus complex
b. The quadriceps are very active during mid-stance to provide stability to the knee due to the gravity line being anterior to the knee throughout much of mid-stance
c. The hamstrings play a vital role in limiting knee extension during mid-
stance
d. The popliteus reaches its peak activity during mid-stance
a. By the second half of mid-stance, much of the muscular control is from the gastrocsoleus complex
- Motion at the foot and ankle during mid-stance is best described as:
d. Steady dorsiflexion and supination
Which of the following is true?
a. The soleus has minimal function during mid-stance
b. The soleus is primarily responsible for decelerating dorsiflexion
during mid-stance
c. The posterior tibialis functions to facilitate pronation during mid-stance
d. The anterior compartment muscles play a primary role in facilitating
dorsiflexion during mid-stance
The soleus is primarily responsible for decelerating dorsiflexion during mid-stance
Maximum lateral shift of the pelvis during stance occurs:
g. At the middle of mid-stance
- The demand on the tensor fascia lata to control pelvic drop on the
contralateral side is reduced during terminal stance by:
d. Shifting of the pelvis closer to the midline
- The initiation of knee flexion that occurs during terminal stance is a direct
c. Movement of the body vector anterior to the metatarsalphalangeal joint, resulting in forward rotation of the tibia
- The major progression force used in walking is generated by:
a. Movement of the center of pressure anterior to the forefoot rocker, causing a free forward fall of the body
- During terminal stance, the foot reaches its position of:
a. Maximum dorsiflexion
- Hip flexion during pre-swing occurs as a result of:
a. Light activity of the hip flexors (iliopsoas and rectus femoris)
b. The rapid ankle plantarflexion that is occurring
c. The rapid knee flexion that is occurring
- The knee achieves approximately how many degrees of flexion by the end of
pre-swing?
c. 40°
- The primary function of knee flexion during pre-swing is:
To prepare the way for toe clearance during swing
- During pre-swing, the ankle undergoes rapid:
b. Plantarflexion
- Much of the plantarflexion that occurs late in pre-swing is a direct result of:
b. Ballistic activity from the previously generated momentum
- The initiation of hip flexion during initial swing is a result of:
a. Activity of the hip flexors
b. Momentum generated during pre-swing
- Prevention of pelvic drop during swing is a result of :
a. Ipsilateral quadratus lumborum activity
b. Contralateral gluteus medius activity
c. Ipsilateral paraspinal muscle activity
- Knee flexion reaches its maximum of 60° during:
a. Initial swing
- Sufficient knee flexion during swing is critical because
c. It reduces the need for dorsiflexion to obtain toe clearance
- The ankle dorsiflexors reach their peak activity during
a. Initial swing
- Knee extension during swing begins during:
b. Mid-swing
- The role of the hamstrings during mid-swing is:
b. To control the rate of knee extension
- The anterior compartment muscles are:
a. The only muscle active at the ankle during swing
- Which of the following is true about the pelvis during terminal swing?
a. The swing side is at its highest and the pelvis is in neutral rotation in the transverse plane
b. The stance side is at its highest and the pelvis reaches its maximum forward rotation
c. The pelvis is level and reaches its maximum posterior rotation
d. The stance side is at its lowest and the pelvis reaches its maximum anterior rotation
b. The stance side is at its highest and the pelvis reaches its maximum forward rotation
