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Anatomy > Lower Extremities > Flashcards

Lower Extremities Flashcards

1
Q

Origin
Pecten pubis and pectineal surface of the pubis
Insertion
Pectineal line of femur
Action
Adducts the thigh and flexes the hip joint
Innervation
Femoral nerve usually, although it may sometimes receive additional innervation from the obturator nerve as well (L2, L3, L4)

A

Pectineus

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2
Q

Origin
Anterior surface of inferior pubic ramus, inferior to origin of adductor longus
Insertion
Pectineal line and superior part of medial lip of linea aspera
Action
Adducts and flexes the thigh, and helps to laterally rotate the thigh
Innervation
Anterior or posterior division of obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)

A

Adductor Brevis

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3
Q

Origin
Anterior surface of body of pubis, just lateral to pubic symphysis
Insertion
Middle third of linea aspera, between the more medial adductor magnus and brevis insertions and the more lateral origin of the vastus medialis
Action
Adducts and flexes the thigh, and helps to laterally rotate the hip joint
Innervation
Anterior division of obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4

A

Adductor Longus

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4
Q

Origin
Inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus, and inferolateral area of ischial tuberosity
Insertion
Gluteal tuberosity of femur, medial lip of linea aspera, medial supracondylar ridge, and adductor tubercle
Action
Powerful thigh adductor; superior horizontal fibers also help flex the thigh, while vertical fibers help extend the thigh
Innervation
Posterior division of obturator nerve innervates most of the adductor magnus; vertical or hamstring portion innervated by tibial nerve (L2, L3, L4

A

Adductor Magnus

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5
Q

Origin
Inferior margin of pubic symphysis, inferior ramus of pubis, and adjacent ramus of ischium
Insertion
Medial surface of tibial shaft, just posterior to sartorius
Action
Flexes the knee, adducts the thigh, and helps to medially rotate the tibia on the femur
Innervation
Anterior division of obturator nerve (L2, L3

A

Gracilis

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6
Q 
Origin
Anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion
Superior aspect of the medial surface of the tibial shaft near the tibial tuberosity
Action
Flexes and laterally rotates the hip joint and flexes the knee
Innervation
Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
A

Sartorius

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7
Q 
Origin
Anterior superior iliac spine, outer lip of anterior iliac crest and fascia lata
Insertion
Iliotibial band
Action
Helps stabilize and steady the hip and knee joints by putting tension on the iliotibial band of fascia
Innervation
Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
A

Tensor Fascia Lata

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8
Q

Origin
Straight head from anterior inferior iliac spine; reflected head from groove just above acetabulum
Insertion
Base of patella to form the more central portion of the quadriceps femoris tendon
Action
Extends the knee
Innervation
Muscular branches of femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

A

Rectus Femoris

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9
Q

Origin
Superior 2/3 of anterior and lateral surfaces of femur; also from lateral intermuscular septum of thigh
Insertion
Lateral border of patella; also forms the deep portion of the quadriceps tendon
Action
Extends the knee
Innervation
Muscular branches of femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4

A

Vastus Intermedius

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10
Q

Origin
Inferior portion of intertrochanteric line, spiral line, medial lip of linea aspera, superior part of medial supracondylar ridge of femur, and medial intermuscular septum
Insertion
Medial base and border of patella; also forms the medial patellar retinaculum and medial side of quadriceps femoris tendon
Action
Extends the knee
Innervation
Muscular branches of femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

A

Vastus Medialis

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11
Q

Origin
Superior portion of intertrochanteric line, anterior and inferior borders of greater trochanter, superior portion of lateral lip of linea aspera, and lateral portion of gluteal tuberosity of femur
Insertion
Lateral base and border of patella; also forms the lateral patellar retinaculum and lateral side of quadriceps femoris tendon
Action
Extends the knee
Innervation
Muscular branches of femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

A

Vastus Lateralis

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12
Q

Origin
Common tendon with semitendinosus from superior medial quadrant of the posterior portion of the ischial tuberosity
Insertion
Primarily on fibular head; also on lateral collateral ligament and lateral tibial condyle
Action
Flexes the knee, and also rotates the tibia laterally; long head also extends the hip joint
Innervation
Tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2)

A

Bicep Femoris (long head)

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13
Q

Origin
Lateral lip of linea aspera, lateral supracondylar ridge of femur, and lateral intermuscular septum of thigh
Insertion
Primarily on fibular head; also on lateral collateral ligament and lateral tibial condyle
Action
Flexes the knee, and also rotates the tibia laterally; long head also extends the hip joint
Innervation
Common peroneal nerve (L5, S1, S2

A

Bicep Femoris (short head)

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14
Q

Origin
Superior lateral quadrant of the ischial tuberosity
Insertion
Posterior surface of the medial tibial condyle
Action
Extends the thigh, flexes the knee, and also rotates the tibia medially, especially when the knee is flexed
Innervation
Tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2

A

Semimembranosus

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15
Q

Origin
From common tendon with long head of biceps femoris from superior medial quadrant of the posterior portion of the ischial tuberosity
Insertion
Superior aspect of medial portion of tibial shaft
Action
Extends the thigh and flexes the knee, and also rotates the tibia medially, especially when the knee is flexed
Innervation
Tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2

A

Semitendious

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16
Q

Origin
Lateral condyle of tibia, proximal 1/2 - 2/3 or lateral surface of tibial shaft, interosseous membrane, and the deep surface of the fascia cruris
Insertion
Medial and plantar surfaces of 1st cuneiform and on base of first metatarsal
Action
Dorsiflexor of ankle and invertor of foot
Innervation
Deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Arterial Supply
Anterior tibial artery

A

Tibialis Anterior

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17
Q 
Origin
Lateral condyle of fibula, upper 2/3 - 3/4 of medial fibular shaft surface, upper part of interosseous membrane, fascia cruris, and anterior intermuscular septum
Insertion
Splits into 4 tendon slips after inferior extensor retinaculum, each of which insert on dorsum of middle and distal phalanges as part of extensor expansion complex
Action
Extend toes 2 - 5 and dorsiflexes ankle
Innervation
Deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
A

Extensor Digitorum Longus

18
Q 
Origin
Anterior surface of the fibula and the adjacent interosseous membrane
Insertion
Base and dorsal center of distal phalanx of great toe
Action
Extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle
Innervation
Deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
A

Extensor Hallucis Longus

19
Q 
Origin
Medial head from posterior nonarticular surface of medial femoral condyle; Lateral head from lateral surface of femoral lateral condyle
Insertion
The two heads unite into a broad aponeurosis which eventually unites with the deep tendon of the soleus to form the Achilles tendon, inserting on the middle 1/3 of the posterior calcaneal surface
Action
Powerful plantar flexor of ankle
Innervation
Tibial nerve (S1, S2)
A

Gastrocineus

20
Q 
Origin
Posterior aspect of fibular head, upper 1/4 - 1/3 of posterior surface of fibula, middle 1/3 of medial border of tibial shaft, and from posterior surface of a tendinous arch spanning the two sites of bone origin
Insertion
Eventually unites with the gastrocnemius aponeurosis to form the Achilles tendon, inserting on the middle 1/3 of the posterior calcaneal surface
Action
Powerful plantar flexor of ankle
Innervation
Tibial nerve (S1, S2)
A

Soleus

21
Q

Origin
Inferior aspect of lateral supracondylar line of distal femur
Insertion
Middle 1/3 of the posterior calcaneal surface, just medial to Achilles tendon
Action
Plantar flexor of ankle; also flexes knee
Innervation
Tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2)

A

Plantaris

22
Q

Origin
Posterior aspect of interosseous membrane, superior 2/3 of medial posterior surface of fibula, superior aspect of posterior surface of tibia, and from intermuscular septum between muscles of posterior compartment and deep transverse septum
Insertion
Splits into two slips after passing inferior to plantar calcaneonavicular ligament; superficial slip inserts on the tuberosity of the navicular bone and sometimes medial cuneiform; deeper slip divides again into slips inserting on plantar surfaces of metatarsals 2 - 4 and second cuneiform
Action
Principal invertor of foot; also adducts foot, plantar flexes ankle, and helps to supinate the foot
Innervation
Tibial nerve (L4, L5)

A

Tibialis Posterior

23
Q

Origin
Posterior surface of tibia distal to popliteal line
Insertion
Splits into four slips after passing through medial intermuscular septum of plantar surface of foot; these slips then insert on plantar surface of bases of 2nd - 5th distal phalanges
Action
Flexes toes 2 - 5; also helps in plantar flexion of ankle
Innervation
Tibial nerve (S2, S3)

A

Flexor Digitorum Longus

24
Q

Origin
Inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula, lower part of interosseous membrane
Insertion
Plantar surface of base of distal phalanx of great toe
Action
Flexes great toe, helps to supinate ankle, and is a very weak plantar flexor of ankle
Innervation
Tibial nerve (S2, S3)

A

Flexor Hallucis Longus

25
Q

Origin
Anterior part of the popliteal groove on lateral surface of lateral femoral condyle
Insertion
Posterior surface of tibia in a fan-like fashion, just superior to the popliteal line
Action
Rotates knee medially and flexes the leg on the thigh
Innervation
Tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1)

A

Popliteus

26
Q

Origin
Arises with the extensor digitorum longus from the medial fibular shaft surface and the anterior intermuscular septum (between the extensor digitorum longus and the tibialis anterior)
Insertion
Dorsal surface of the base of the fifth metatarsal
Action
Works with the extensor digitorum longus to dorsiflex, evert and abduct the foot
Innervation
Deep peroneal nerve (L5, S1)

A

Peroneus Tertius

27
Q 
Origin
Inferior 2/3 of lateral fibular surface; also anterior and posterior intermuscular septa of leg
Insertion
Lateral surface of styloid process of 5th metatarsal base
Action
Everts foot and plantar flexes ankle
Innervation
Superficial peroneal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
A

Peroneus Brevis

28
Q

Origin
Head of fibula, upper 1/2 - 2/3 of lateral fibular shaft surface; also anterior and posterior intermuscular septa of leg
Insertion
Plantar posterolateral aspect of medial cuneiform and lateral side of 1st metatarsal base
Action
Everts foot and plantar flexes ankle; also helps to support the transverse arch of the foot
Innervation
Superficial peroneal nerve (L5, S1, S2); may also receive additional innervation from common or deep peroneal nerves (L5, S1, S2)

A

Peroneus Longus

29
Q 
Proximal Attachment
Calcaneus
Distal Attachment 
Extensor tendons of digits 2-4
Innervation
Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)
Action
Extends digits 2-4
A

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

30
Q 
Proximal Attachment
Calcaneus
Distal Attachment 
Dorsal aspect of base of digit 1
Innervation
Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)
Action
Extends digit 1
A

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

31
Q 
Proximal Attachment
Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus
Distal Attachment
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of digit 1
Innervation
Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Action
Abducts and flexes digit 1
A

Abductor Hallucis

32
Q 
Proximal Attachment
Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus
Distal Attachment
Both sides of middle phalanges of digits 2-5
Innervation
Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Action
Flexes digits 2-5
A

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

33
Q 
Proximal Attachment
Medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus
Distal Attachment
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Innervation
Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Action
Abducts and flexes digit 5
A

Abductor Digiti Minimi

34
Q

Proximal Attachment
Medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneous
Distal Attachment
Posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus
Innervation
Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Action
Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing digits 2-5

A

Quadratus Plantae

35
Q

Proximal Attachment
Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
Distal Attachment
Medial aspect of expansion of digits 2-5
Innervation
Medial one: medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Lateral three: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Action
Flex proximal phalanges, extend middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5

A

Lumbricals

36
Q 
Proximal Attachment
Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiforms
Distal Attachment
Both sides of base of proximal phalanx of digit 1
Innervation
Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Action
Flexes proximal phalanx of digit 1
A

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

37
Q

Proximal Attachment
Oblique Head- bases of metatarsals 2-4
Transverse Head- plantar ligaments of MP joints
Distal Attachment
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of digit 1
Innervation
Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Action
Adduct digit 1, assists in transverse arch of foot

A

Adductor Hallucis

38
Q 
Proximal Attachment
Base of 5th metatarsal
Distal Attachment
Base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Innervation
Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Action
Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit
A

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

39
Q 
Proximal Attachment
Bases and medial sides of metatarsals 3-5
Distal Attachment
Medial sides of bases of phalanges 3-5
Innervation
lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Action
Adducts digits 2-4
A

Plantar Interossei

40
Q 
Proximal Attachment
Adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5
Distal Attachment
1st- medial side of proximal phalanx of digit 2
2nd-4th- lateral sides of digits 2-4
Innervation
lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Action
Abducts digits 2-4
A

Dorsal Interossei

Anatomy (5 decks)

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