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Gross Anatomy > Lower-Limb Musculature > Flashcards

Lower-Limb Musculature Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Insertion of a muscle?

A

The movable end of the muscle that attaches to the bone being pulled.

The muscles Distal attachement.

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2
Q

What is the Origin of the muscle?

A

The end of the muscle attached to a fixed (stabilized) bone.

The Proximal attachement.

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3
Q

What is a Fixator muscle?

A

A muscle that holds a bone firmly in place when other muscles are being used.

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4
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint?

What type of movement occurs here?

A

Ball & Socket Joint (Enarthrosis)

Circumduction, Lateral rotation, & medial rotation

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5
Q

Describe the possible movements of the thigh along a Transverse axis (at the hip joint)

A

Extension & Flexion

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6
Q

Describe the possible movements of the thigh along a Sagittal axis (at the hip joint)

A
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7
Q

Describe the possible movements of the thigh along a Longitudinal axis (at the hip joint)

A
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8
Q

What are the (2) types of Fascia of the Thigh?

A

Superficial & Deep Fascia

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9
Q

What is Deep Fascia? What is it’s purpose?

A

Deep Fascia is Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue

Functions;

  • Forms intermuscular Septa; separating functionally different muscle groups
  • Modified to form interosseous membranes, tendo sheaths, the capsule, synovial membrane, and bursae in relation to the joints
  • Provides extra surface for muscle attachment
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10
Q

What are the (6) Deep Fasciae of the Lower-Limb?

A
  1. Gluteal Fascia
  2. Fascia Lata
  3. Popliteal Fascia
  4. Crural Fascia
  5. Pedal Fascia
  6. Plantar Fascia
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11
Q

Which Fascia covers the foot?

A

Pedal Fascia

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12
Q

Which Deep Fascia forms the roof over the Popliteal Fossa?

A

Popliteal Fascia

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13
Q

Which Deep Fascia covers the sole of the foot?

A

Plantar Fascia

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14
Q

Which Deep Fascia forms the tubular investment of the leg?

A

Crural Fascia

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15
Q

Which Deep Fascia forms the tubular investment of the thigh?

A

Fascia Lata

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16
Q

Which Deep Fascia covers the Gluteus Medius & Maximus mm. ?

A

Gluteal Fascia

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17
Q

The Fascia Lata is laterally reinforced by which structure?

A

The longitudinal fibers of the Iliotibial band (IT Band), which is the common aponeurotic tendone of the Gluteus Maximus and tensor fascia lata muscles

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18
Q

The Deep Fascia separates the muscles of the Thigh into which (3) compartments?

A

Anterior (Extensor) Compartment

Medial (Adductor) Compartment

Posterior (Flexor) Compartment

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19
Q

What are the (4) muscles of the Anterior Thigh involved in Flexion of the hip joint?

A
  1. Pectineus
  2. Sartorius
  3. Psoas Major
  4. Iliacus
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20
Q

What is the primary action of the Pectineus Muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

A

The Pectineus Muscle Adducts & Flexes the Thigh

Origin: Pubis

Insertion: Pectineal Line of the Femur

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21
Q

What is the primary action of the Sartorius Muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

A

The Sartorius flexes, abducts, & laterally rotates the thigh, and also flexes the leg at the knee joint

Origin: ASIS

Insertion: Tibia

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22
Q

What is the primary action of the Psoas Major Muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

A

The Psoas Major flexes the thigh

Origin: Lumbar vertebral Bodies

Insertion: Lesser trochanter of the femur

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23
Q

What is the primary action of the Iliacus Muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

A

The iliacus flexes the thigh

Origin: Iliac crest/fossa

Insertion: Lesser Trochanter

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24
Q

What is the muscle group responsible for Extension of the Knee?

What is each individual muscle within this group?

A

The Quadriceps Femoris Muscle group is responsible for Extension of the knee.
Includes;

  • Rectus Femoris
  • Vastus Lateralis
  • Vastus Intermedius
  • Vastus Medialis
25
Q

What is the primary action of the Rectus Femoris Muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

A

The Rectus Femoris Extends the Leg & Flexes the Thigh

Origin: AIIS

Insertion: Quadriceps Tendon > Patella > Patellar Tendon > Tibial Tuberosity

26
Q

What is the primary action of the Vastus Lateralis & Medialis Muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

A

Both the Vastus Lateralis & Medialis Extend the Leg

Origin: Linea Aspera of Femur

Insertion: Quadriceps Tendon > Patella > Patellar Tendon > Tibial Tuberosity

27
Q

What is the primary action of the Vastus Intermedius Muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

A

The Vastus Intermedius Extends the Leg

Origin: Shaft of the Femur

Insertion: Quadriceps Tendon > Patella > Patellar Tendon > Tibial Tuberosity

28
Q

What muscles fall under the medial compartment of the thigh?

What is the general action of these muscles?

A

The medial thigh muscles are involved in Adduction of the lower-limb
Includes;

  • Adductor Longus
  • Adductor Brevis
  • Adductor Magnus
  • Gracilis
  • Obturator Externus*
29
Q

What is the primary action of the Adductor Longus & Brevis Muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

A

Both the Adductor Longus & Brevis adducts the thigh.

Origin: Pubic Bone

Insertion: Linea Aspera of the Femur

30
Q

What is the primary action of the Adductor Magnus Muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

What is unique about the Adductor Magnus?

A

The Adductor Magnus has (2) primary actions;

  1. Adductor: Adducts/Flexes the thigh
  2. Hamstring: Adducts/Extends the thigh

Adductor:

Origin: Ischiopubic Ramus

Insertion: Shaft of the Femur

Hamstring:

Origin: Ischial Tuberosity

Insertion: Adductor tubercle of Femur

31
Q

What is the primary action of the Gracilis Muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

A

The Gracilis muscle adducts the thigh, flexes the leg, and helps rotate the leg medially.

Origin: Pubic Bone

Insertion: Medial Upper Tibia

32
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior leg?

What is the general action of these muscles?

A

The anterior leg muscles are involved in Dorsiflexion of the foot & Extension of the digits.

Includes;

  • Tibialis Anterior
  • Extensor Digitorum Longus
  • Extensor Hallucis Longus
  • Fibularis Tertius
33
Q

What is the primary action of the Tibialis Anterior Muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

A

The Tibialis Anterior Dorsiflexes the ankle & Inverts the foot

Origin: Lateral Condyle of the Tibia

Insertion: Base of the 1st Metatarsal and a tarsal bone

34
Q

What is the primary action of the Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

A

The Extensor Digitorum Longus Extends the Lateral four digits (2-5) & Dorsiflexes the ankle

Origin: Lateral Condyle of Tibia & Proximal Fibula

Insertion: Phalanges of toes 2-5

35
Q

What is the primary action of the Extensor Hallucis Longus Muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

A

The Extensor Hallucis Longus extends the great toe*? & Dorsiflexes the ankle

Origin:Fibula

Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of the great toe (Hallux)

36
Q

What is the primary action of the Fibularis Tertius Muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

A

The Fibularis Tertius Dorsiflexes the ankle and aids in foot Eversion

Origin: Distal Fibula

Insertion: 5th Metatarsal

37
Q

What are the muscles of the Lateral Leg?

What is the general action of the lateral leg muscles?

A

The muscles of the Lateral Leg are involved in Foot Eversion & weakly assists in Plantarflexion

Includes;

  • Fibularis Longus
  • Fibularis Brevis
38
Q

What is the primary action of the Fibularis Longus Muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

A

The Fibularis Longus is involved in Foot Eversion & Plantarflexion (weakly)

Origin: Fibular Head & Shaft

Insertion:1st Metatarsal & one Tarsal bones

39
Q

What is the primary action of the Fibularis Brevis Muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

A

The Fibularis Brevis is involved in Foot Eversion & Plantarflexion (weakly)

Origin: Distal Fibula

Insertion: Tuberosity of 5th Metatarsal bone

40
Q

What are the Superficial muscles of the Posterior Leg?

What, in general, is the function of this group?

A
  1. Gasctrocnemius
  2. Soleus
  3. Plantaris

General Function: Plantarflexion

41
Q

What are the Deep muscles of the Posterior Leg?

What, in general, is the function of this group?

A
  1. Popliteus
  2. Flexor Hallucis Longus
  3. Flexor Digitorum Longus
  4. Tibialis Posterior

General Function: Plantarflexion & Flexors of the digits (toes)

42
Q

What is the primary action of the Gastrocnemius Muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

A

The Gastrocnemius plantarflexes when the knee is extended; Flexes leg at knee joint; crosses both the knee & ankle joints

Origin:
Lateral head: Lateral Condyle of Femur
Medial Head: Medial Condyle of Femur

Insertion:
Calcaneal Tendon

43
Q

What is the primary action of the Soleus muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

A

The Soleus plantarflexes the ankle.

Origin: Soleal line & Proximal Tibia

Insertion: Calcaneal Tendon

44
Q

What is the primary action of the Plantaris muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

A

The Plantaris muscle plantarflexes the ankle (weak)

Origin: Lateral side of the Distal Femur

Insertion: Calcaneal Tendon

45
Q

What is the primary action of the Popliteus muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

A

The Popliteus muscle weakly flexes the knee.

Origin: Lateral Epicondyle of femur

Insertion: Posterior surface of Proximal Tibia

46
Q

What is the primary action of the Flexor Hallucis Longus muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

A

The Flexor Hallucis Longus muscle flexes the “Great” toe & weakly plantarflexes the ankle.

Origin: Posterior Surface of the Fibular

Insertion: Great Toe (Hallux)

47
Q

What is the primary action of the Flexor Digitorum Longus muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

A

The Flexor Digitorum Longus muscle flexes toes 2-5 & Plantarflexes the ankle

Origin: Posterior Surface of Tibia

Insertion: Phalanges of toes 2-5

48
Q

What is the primary action of the Tibialis Posterior muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

A

The Tibialis Posterior muscle plantarflexes the ankle & Inverts the foot

Origin: Posterior Surface of Tibia & Fibula

Insertion: Plantar surface of several tarsal bones

49
Q

What are the muscles of the Posterior Thigh?

What, in general, are their function?

A
  1. Semitendinosus
  2. Semimembranosus
  3. Biceps Femoris

General function: Flexion of the Leg and Extension of the Thigh

50
Q

What is the primary action of the Semitendinosus muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

A

The Semitendinosus muscle Extends the thigh & Flexes and Medially Rotates the Leg

Origin: Ischial Tuberosity

Insertion: Medial Proximal Tibia

51
Q

What is the primary action of the Semimembranosus muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

A

The Semimembranosus muscle Extends the Thigh and Flexes and Medially Rotates the Leg

Origin: Ischial Tuberosity

Insertion: Medial Condyle of the Tibia

52
Q

What is the primary action of the Biceps Femoris muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

A

The Biceps Femoris muscle Extends the Thigh and Flexes and Laterally Rotates the Leg

Origin:
Long head: Ischial Tuberosity
Short head: Linea Aspera

Insertion: Head of the Fibula

53
Q

The muscles of the Gluteal Region are separated into what groups?

A

Superficial & Deep musculature

54
Q

What are the Superficial muscles of the Gluteal Region?

What, in general, is their function?

A
  1. Gluteus Maximus
  2. Gluteus Medius
  3. Gluteus Minimus
  4. Tensor Fasciae Latae

General Function: Abduction and Extension of the Thigh

55
Q

What is the primary action of the Gluteus Maximus muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

A

The Gluteus Maximus Extends the Thigh & Assists in Lateral rotation

Origin: Lateral Surface of the Ilium, Sacrum, and Sacrotuberus Ligament

Insertion: Iliotibial Tract & Gluteal Tuberosity

56
Q

What is the primary action of the Gluteus Medius muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

A

The Gluteus Medius muscle Abducts & Medially rotates the thigh; Keeps pelvis level.

Origin: Lateral Surface of the Ilium

Insertion: Greater Trochanter of the Femur

57
Q

What is the primary action of the Gluteus Minimus muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

A

The Gluteus Minimus muscle Abducts and Medially Rotates the Thigh; Keeps pelvis level.

Origin: Lateral Surface of the Ilium

Insertion: Greater Trochanter of the Femur

58
Q

What is the primary action of the Tensor Fasciae Latae muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

A

The Tensor Fasciae Latae Abducts & Medially Rotates the Thigh

Origin: ASIS

Insertion: Iliotibial Tract (band)

59
Q

What are the Deep muscles of the Gluteal Region?

What, in general, is their function?

A
  1. Piriformis
  2. Obturator Internus
  3. Superior Gemellus
  4. Inferior Gemellus

General Function: Lateral Rotators & Stabilizers of the Hip Joint

Gross Anatomy (23 decks)

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