Lower-Limb Musculature Flashcards
What is the Insertion of a muscle?
The movable end of the muscle that attaches to the bone being pulled.
The muscles Distal attachement.
What is the Origin of the muscle?
The end of the muscle attached to a fixed (stabilized) bone.
The Proximal attachement.
What is a Fixator muscle?
A muscle that holds a bone firmly in place when other muscles are being used.
What type of joint is the hip joint?
What type of movement occurs here?
Ball & Socket Joint (Enarthrosis)
Circumduction, Lateral rotation, & medial rotation
Describe the possible movements of the thigh along a Transverse axis (at the hip joint)
Extension & Flexion
Describe the possible movements of the thigh along a Sagittal axis (at the hip joint)
Describe the possible movements of the thigh along a Longitudinal axis (at the hip joint)
What are the (2) types of Fascia of the Thigh?
Superficial & Deep Fascia
What is Deep Fascia? What is it’s purpose?
Deep Fascia is Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue
Functions;
- Forms intermuscular Septa; separating functionally different muscle groups
- Modified to form interosseous membranes, tendo sheaths, the capsule, synovial membrane, and bursae in relation to the joints
- Provides extra surface for muscle attachment
What are the (6) Deep Fasciae of the Lower-Limb?
- Gluteal Fascia
- Fascia Lata
- Popliteal Fascia
- Crural Fascia
- Pedal Fascia
- Plantar Fascia
Which Fascia covers the foot?
Pedal Fascia
Which Deep Fascia forms the roof over the Popliteal Fossa?
Popliteal Fascia
Which Deep Fascia covers the sole of the foot?
Plantar Fascia
Which Deep Fascia forms the tubular investment of the leg?
Crural Fascia
Which Deep Fascia forms the tubular investment of the thigh?
Fascia Lata
Which Deep Fascia covers the Gluteus Medius & Maximus mm. ?
Gluteal Fascia
The Fascia Lata is laterally reinforced by which structure?
The longitudinal fibers of the Iliotibial band (IT Band), which is the common aponeurotic tendone of the Gluteus Maximus and tensor fascia lata muscles
The Deep Fascia separates the muscles of the Thigh into which (3) compartments?
Anterior (Extensor) Compartment
Medial (Adductor) Compartment
Posterior (Flexor) Compartment
What are the (4) muscles of the Anterior Thigh involved in Flexion of the hip joint?
- Pectineus
- Sartorius
- Psoas Major
- Iliacus
What is the primary action of the Pectineus Muscle?
Origin & Insertion?
The Pectineus Muscle Adducts & Flexes the Thigh
Origin: Pubis
Insertion: Pectineal Line of the Femur
What is the primary action of the Sartorius Muscle?
Origin & Insertion?
The Sartorius flexes, abducts, & laterally rotates the thigh, and also flexes the leg at the knee joint
Origin: ASIS
Insertion: Tibia
What is the primary action of the Psoas Major Muscle?
Origin & Insertion?
The Psoas Major flexes the thigh
Origin: Lumbar vertebral Bodies
Insertion: Lesser trochanter of the femur
What is the primary action of the Iliacus Muscle?
Origin & Insertion?
The iliacus flexes the thigh
Origin: Iliac crest/fossa
Insertion: Lesser Trochanter
What is the muscle group responsible for Extension of the Knee?
What is each individual muscle within this group?
The Quadriceps Femoris Muscle group is responsible for Extension of the knee.
Includes;
- Rectus Femoris
- Vastus Lateralis
- Vastus Intermedius
- Vastus Medialis
What is the primary action of the Rectus Femoris Muscle?
Origin & Insertion?
The Rectus Femoris Extends the Leg & Flexes the Thigh
Origin: AIIS
Insertion: Quadriceps Tendon > Patella > Patellar Tendon > Tibial Tuberosity
What is the primary action of the Vastus Lateralis & Medialis Muscle?
Origin & Insertion?
Both the Vastus Lateralis & Medialis Extend the Leg
Origin: Linea Aspera of Femur
Insertion: Quadriceps Tendon > Patella > Patellar Tendon > Tibial Tuberosity
What is the primary action of the Vastus Intermedius Muscle?
Origin & Insertion?
The Vastus Intermedius Extends the Leg
Origin: Shaft of the Femur
Insertion: Quadriceps Tendon > Patella > Patellar Tendon > Tibial Tuberosity
What muscles fall under the medial compartment of the thigh?
What is the general action of these muscles?
The medial thigh muscles are involved in Adduction of the lower-limb
Includes;
- Adductor Longus
- Adductor Brevis
- Adductor Magnus
- Gracilis
- Obturator Externus*
What is the primary action of the Adductor Longus & Brevis Muscle?
Origin & Insertion?
Both the Adductor Longus & Brevis adducts the thigh.
Origin: Pubic Bone
Insertion: Linea Aspera of the Femur
What is the primary action of the Adductor Magnus Muscle?
Origin & Insertion?
What is unique about the Adductor Magnus?
The Adductor Magnus has (2) primary actions;
- Adductor: Adducts/Flexes the thigh
- Hamstring: Adducts/Extends the thigh
Adductor:
Origin: Ischiopubic Ramus
Insertion: Shaft of the Femur
Hamstring:
Origin: Ischial Tuberosity
Insertion: Adductor tubercle of Femur
What is the primary action of the Gracilis Muscle?
Origin & Insertion?
The Gracilis muscle adducts the thigh, flexes the leg, and helps rotate the leg medially.
Origin: Pubic Bone
Insertion: Medial Upper Tibia
What are the muscles of the anterior leg?
What is the general action of these muscles?
The anterior leg muscles are involved in Dorsiflexion of the foot & Extension of the digits.
Includes;
- Tibialis Anterior
- Extensor Digitorum Longus
- Extensor Hallucis Longus
- Fibularis Tertius
What is the primary action of the Tibialis Anterior Muscle?
Origin & Insertion?
The Tibialis Anterior Dorsiflexes the ankle & Inverts the foot
Origin: Lateral Condyle of the Tibia
Insertion: Base of the 1st Metatarsal and a tarsal bone
What is the primary action of the Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle?
Origin & Insertion?
The Extensor Digitorum Longus Extends the Lateral four digits (2-5) & Dorsiflexes the ankle
Origin: Lateral Condyle of Tibia & Proximal Fibula
Insertion: Phalanges of toes 2-5
What is the primary action of the Extensor Hallucis Longus Muscle?
Origin & Insertion?
The Extensor Hallucis Longus extends the great toe*? & Dorsiflexes the ankle
Origin:Fibula
Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of the great toe (Hallux)
What is the primary action of the Fibularis Tertius Muscle?
Origin & Insertion?
The Fibularis Tertius Dorsiflexes the ankle and aids in foot Eversion
Origin: Distal Fibula
Insertion: 5th Metatarsal
What are the muscles of the Lateral Leg?
What is the general action of the lateral leg muscles?
The muscles of the Lateral Leg are involved in Foot Eversion & weakly assists in Plantarflexion
Includes;
- Fibularis Longus
- Fibularis Brevis
What is the primary action of the Fibularis Longus Muscle?
Origin & Insertion?
The Fibularis Longus is involved in Foot Eversion & Plantarflexion (weakly)
Origin: Fibular Head & Shaft
Insertion:1st Metatarsal & one Tarsal bones
What is the primary action of the Fibularis Brevis Muscle?
Origin & Insertion?
The Fibularis Brevis is involved in Foot Eversion & Plantarflexion (weakly)
Origin: Distal Fibula
Insertion: Tuberosity of 5th Metatarsal bone
What are the Superficial muscles of the Posterior Leg?
What, in general, is the function of this group?
- Gasctrocnemius
- Soleus
- Plantaris
General Function: Plantarflexion
What are the Deep muscles of the Posterior Leg?
What, in general, is the function of this group?
- Popliteus
- Flexor Hallucis Longus
- Flexor Digitorum Longus
- Tibialis Posterior
General Function: Plantarflexion & Flexors of the digits (toes)
What is the primary action of the Gastrocnemius Muscle?
Origin & Insertion?
The Gastrocnemius plantarflexes when the knee is extended; Flexes leg at knee joint; crosses both the knee & ankle joints
Origin:
Lateral head: Lateral Condyle of Femur
Medial Head: Medial Condyle of Femur
Insertion:
Calcaneal Tendon
What is the primary action of the Soleus muscle?
Origin & Insertion?
The Soleus plantarflexes the ankle.
Origin: Soleal line & Proximal Tibia
Insertion: Calcaneal Tendon
What is the primary action of the Plantaris muscle?
Origin & Insertion?
The Plantaris muscle plantarflexes the ankle (weak)
Origin: Lateral side of the Distal Femur
Insertion: Calcaneal Tendon
What is the primary action of the Popliteus muscle?
Origin & Insertion?
The Popliteus muscle weakly flexes the knee.
Origin: Lateral Epicondyle of femur
Insertion: Posterior surface of Proximal Tibia
What is the primary action of the Flexor Hallucis Longus muscle?
Origin & Insertion?
The Flexor Hallucis Longus muscle flexes the “Great” toe & weakly plantarflexes the ankle.
Origin: Posterior Surface of the Fibular
Insertion: Great Toe (Hallux)
What is the primary action of the Flexor Digitorum Longus muscle?
Origin & Insertion?
The Flexor Digitorum Longus muscle flexes toes 2-5 & Plantarflexes the ankle
Origin: Posterior Surface of Tibia
Insertion: Phalanges of toes 2-5
What is the primary action of the Tibialis Posterior muscle?
Origin & Insertion?
The Tibialis Posterior muscle plantarflexes the ankle & Inverts the foot
Origin: Posterior Surface of Tibia & Fibula
Insertion: Plantar surface of several tarsal bones
What are the muscles of the Posterior Thigh?
What, in general, are their function?
- Semitendinosus
- Semimembranosus
- Biceps Femoris
General function: Flexion of the Leg and Extension of the Thigh
What is the primary action of the Semitendinosus muscle?
Origin & Insertion?
The Semitendinosus muscle Extends the thigh & Flexes and Medially Rotates the Leg
Origin: Ischial Tuberosity
Insertion: Medial Proximal Tibia
What is the primary action of the Semimembranosus muscle?
Origin & Insertion?
The Semimembranosus muscle Extends the Thigh and Flexes and Medially Rotates the Leg
Origin: Ischial Tuberosity
Insertion: Medial Condyle of the Tibia
What is the primary action of the Biceps Femoris muscle?
Origin & Insertion?
The Biceps Femoris muscle Extends the Thigh and Flexes and Laterally Rotates the Leg
Origin:
Long head: Ischial Tuberosity
Short head: Linea Aspera
Insertion: Head of the Fibula
The muscles of the Gluteal Region are separated into what groups?
Superficial & Deep musculature
What are the Superficial muscles of the Gluteal Region?
What, in general, is their function?
- Gluteus Maximus
- Gluteus Medius
- Gluteus Minimus
- Tensor Fasciae Latae
General Function: Abduction and Extension of the Thigh
What is the primary action of the Gluteus Maximus muscle?
Origin & Insertion?
The Gluteus Maximus Extends the Thigh & Assists in Lateral rotation
Origin: Lateral Surface of the Ilium, Sacrum, and Sacrotuberus Ligament
Insertion: Iliotibial Tract & Gluteal Tuberosity
What is the primary action of the Gluteus Medius muscle?
Origin & Insertion?
The Gluteus Medius muscle Abducts & Medially rotates the thigh; Keeps pelvis level.
Origin: Lateral Surface of the Ilium
Insertion: Greater Trochanter of the Femur
What is the primary action of the Gluteus Minimus muscle?
Origin & Insertion?
The Gluteus Minimus muscle Abducts and Medially Rotates the Thigh; Keeps pelvis level.
Origin: Lateral Surface of the Ilium
Insertion: Greater Trochanter of the Femur
What is the primary action of the Tensor Fasciae Latae muscle?
Origin & Insertion?
The Tensor Fasciae Latae Abducts & Medially Rotates the Thigh
Origin: ASIS
Insertion: Iliotibial Tract (band)
What are the Deep muscles of the Gluteal Region?
What, in general, is their function?
- Piriformis
- Obturator Internus
- Superior Gemellus
- Inferior Gemellus
General Function: Lateral Rotators & Stabilizers of the Hip Joint
