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Gross Anatomy > Lower-Limb Musculature > Flashcards

Lower-Limb Musculature Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Insertion of a muscle?

A

The movable end of the muscle that attaches to the bone being pulled.

The muscles Distal attachement.

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2
Q

What is the Origin of the muscle?

A

The end of the muscle attached to a fixed (stabilized) bone.

The Proximal attachement.

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3
Q

What is a Fixator muscle?

A

A muscle that holds a bone firmly in place when other muscles are being used.

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4
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint?

What type of movement occurs here?

A

Ball & Socket Joint (Enarthrosis)

Circumduction, Lateral rotation, & medial rotation

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5
Q

Describe the possible movements of the thigh along a Transverse axis (at the hip joint)

A

Extension & Flexion

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6
Q

Describe the possible movements of the thigh along a Sagittal axis (at the hip joint)

A
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7
Q

Describe the possible movements of the thigh along a Longitudinal axis (at the hip joint)

A
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8
Q

What are the (2) types of Fascia of the Thigh?

A

Superficial & Deep Fascia

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9
Q

What is Deep Fascia? What is it’s purpose?

A

Deep Fascia is Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue

Functions;

  • Forms intermuscular Septa; separating functionally different muscle groups
  • Modified to form interosseous membranes, tendo sheaths, the capsule, synovial membrane, and bursae in relation to the joints
  • Provides extra surface for muscle attachment
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10
Q

What are the (6) Deep Fasciae of the Lower-Limb?

A
  1. Gluteal Fascia
  2. Fascia Lata
  3. Popliteal Fascia
  4. Crural Fascia
  5. Pedal Fascia
  6. Plantar Fascia
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11
Q

Which Fascia covers the foot?

A

Pedal Fascia

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12
Q

Which Deep Fascia forms the roof over the Popliteal Fossa?

A

Popliteal Fascia

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13
Q

Which Deep Fascia covers the sole of the foot?

A

Plantar Fascia

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14
Q

Which Deep Fascia forms the tubular investment of the leg?

A

Crural Fascia

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15
Q

Which Deep Fascia forms the tubular investment of the thigh?

A

Fascia Lata

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16
Q

Which Deep Fascia covers the Gluteus Medius & Maximus mm. ?

A

Gluteal Fascia

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17
Q

The Fascia Lata is laterally reinforced by which structure?

A

The longitudinal fibers of the Iliotibial band (IT Band), which is the common aponeurotic tendone of the Gluteus Maximus and tensor fascia lata muscles

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18
Q

The Deep Fascia separates the muscles of the Thigh into which (3) compartments?

A

Anterior (Extensor) Compartment

Medial (Adductor) Compartment

Posterior (Flexor) Compartment

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19
Q

What are the (4) muscles of the Anterior Thigh involved in Flexion of the hip joint?

A
  1. Pectineus
  2. Sartorius
  3. Psoas Major
  4. Iliacus
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20
Q

What is the primary action of the Pectineus Muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

A

The Pectineus Muscle Adducts & Flexes the Thigh

Origin: Pubis

Insertion: Pectineal Line of the Femur

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21
Q

What is the primary action of the Sartorius Muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

A

The Sartorius flexes, abducts, & laterally rotates the thigh, and also flexes the leg at the knee joint

Origin: ASIS

Insertion: Tibia

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22
Q

What is the primary action of the Psoas Major Muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

A

The Psoas Major flexes the thigh

Origin: Lumbar vertebral Bodies

Insertion: Lesser trochanter of the femur

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23
Q

What is the primary action of the Iliacus Muscle?

Origin & Insertion?

A

The iliacus flexes the thigh

Origin: Iliac crest/fossa

Insertion: Lesser Trochanter

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24
Q

What is the muscle group responsible for Extension of the Knee?

What is each individual muscle within this group?

A

The Quadriceps Femoris Muscle group is responsible for Extension of the knee.
Includes;

  • Rectus Femoris
  • Vastus Lateralis
  • Vastus Intermedius
  • Vastus Medialis
25
What is the primary action of the Rectus Femoris Muscle? Origin & Insertion?
The Rectus Femoris Extends the Leg & Flexes the Thigh Origin: AIIS Insertion: Quadriceps Tendon \> Patella \> Patellar Tendon \> Tibial Tuberosity
26
What is the primary action of the Vastus Lateralis & Medialis Muscle? Origin & Insertion?
Both the Vastus Lateralis & Medialis Extend the Leg Origin: Linea Aspera of Femur Insertion: Quadriceps Tendon \> Patella \> Patellar Tendon \> Tibial Tuberosity
27
What is the primary action of the Vastus Intermedius Muscle? Origin & Insertion?
The Vastus Intermedius Extends the Leg Origin: Shaft of the Femur Insertion: Quadriceps Tendon \> Patella \> Patellar Tendon \> Tibial Tuberosity
28
What muscles fall under the medial compartment of the thigh? What is the general action of these muscles?
The medial thigh muscles are involved in Adduction of the lower-limb Includes; * Adductor Longus * Adductor Brevis * Adductor Magnus * Gracilis * Obturator Externus\*
29
What is the primary action of the Adductor Longus & Brevis Muscle? Origin & Insertion?
Both the Adductor Longus & Brevis adducts the thigh. Origin: Pubic Bone Insertion: Linea Aspera of the Femur
30
What is the primary action of the Adductor Magnus Muscle? Origin & Insertion? What is unique about the Adductor Magnus?
The Adductor Magnus has (2) primary actions; 1. Adductor: Adducts/Flexes the thigh 2. Hamstring: Adducts/Extends the thigh Adductor: Origin: Ischiopubic Ramus Insertion: Shaft of the Femur Hamstring: Origin: Ischial Tuberosity Insertion: Adductor tubercle of Femur
31
What is the primary action of the Gracilis Muscle? Origin & Insertion?
The Gracilis muscle adducts the thigh, flexes the leg, and helps rotate the leg medially. Origin: Pubic Bone Insertion: Medial Upper Tibia
32
What are the muscles of the anterior leg? What is the general action of these muscles?
The anterior leg muscles are involved in Dorsiflexion of the foot & Extension of the digits. Includes; * Tibialis Anterior * Extensor Digitorum Longus * Extensor Hallucis Longus * Fibularis Tertius
33
What is the primary action of the Tibialis Anterior Muscle? Origin & Insertion?
The Tibialis Anterior Dorsiflexes the ankle & Inverts the foot Origin: Lateral Condyle of the Tibia Insertion: Base of the 1st Metatarsal and a tarsal bone
34
What is the primary action of the Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle? Origin & Insertion?
The Extensor Digitorum Longus Extends the Lateral four digits (2-5) & Dorsiflexes the ankle Origin: Lateral Condyle of Tibia & Proximal Fibula Insertion: Phalanges of toes 2-5
35
What is the primary action of the Extensor Hallucis Longus Muscle? Origin & Insertion?
The Extensor Hallucis Longus extends the great toe\*? & Dorsiflexes the ankle Origin:Fibula Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of the great toe (Hallux)
36
What is the primary action of the Fibularis Tertius Muscle? Origin & Insertion?
The Fibularis Tertius Dorsiflexes the ankle and aids in foot Eversion Origin: Distal Fibula Insertion: 5th Metatarsal
37
What are the muscles of the Lateral Leg? What is the general action of the lateral leg muscles?
The muscles of the Lateral Leg are involved in Foot Eversion & weakly assists in Plantarflexion Includes; * Fibularis Longus * Fibularis Brevis
38
What is the primary action of the Fibularis Longus Muscle? Origin & Insertion?
The Fibularis Longus is involved in Foot Eversion & Plantarflexion (weakly) Origin: Fibular Head & Shaft Insertion:1st Metatarsal & one Tarsal bones
39
What is the primary action of the Fibularis Brevis Muscle? Origin & Insertion?
The Fibularis Brevis is involved in Foot Eversion & Plantarflexion (weakly) Origin: Distal Fibula Insertion: Tuberosity of 5th Metatarsal bone
40
What are the Superficial muscles of the Posterior Leg? What, in general, is the function of this group?
1. Gasctrocnemius 2. Soleus 3. Plantaris General Function: Plantarflexion
41
What are the Deep muscles of the Posterior Leg? What, in general, is the function of this group?
1. Popliteus 2. Flexor Hallucis Longus 3. Flexor Digitorum Longus 4. Tibialis Posterior General Function: Plantarflexion & Flexors of the digits (toes)
42
What is the primary action of the Gastrocnemius Muscle? Origin & Insertion?
The Gastrocnemius **plantarflexes** when the _knee is extended_; **Flexes leg** at knee joint; crosses both the knee & ankle joints Origin: Lateral head: Lateral Condyle of Femur Medial Head: Medial Condyle of Femur Insertion: Calcaneal Tendon
43
What is the primary action of the Soleus muscle? Origin & Insertion?
The Soleus plantarflexes the ankle. Origin: Soleal line & Proximal Tibia Insertion: Calcaneal Tendon
44
What is the primary action of the Plantaris muscle? Origin & Insertion?
The Plantaris muscle plantarflexes the ankle (weak) Origin: Lateral side of the Distal Femur Insertion: Calcaneal Tendon
45
What is the primary action of the Popliteus muscle? Origin & Insertion?
The Popliteus muscle weakly flexes the knee. Origin: Lateral Epicondyle of femur Insertion: Posterior surface of Proximal Tibia
46
What is the primary action of the Flexor Hallucis Longus muscle? Origin & Insertion?
The Flexor Hallucis Longus muscle flexes the "Great" toe & weakly plantarflexes the ankle. Origin: Posterior Surface of the Fibular Insertion: Great Toe (Hallux)
47
What is the primary action of the Flexor Digitorum Longus muscle? Origin & Insertion?
The Flexor Digitorum Longus muscle flexes toes 2-5 & Plantarflexes the ankle Origin: Posterior Surface of Tibia Insertion: Phalanges of toes 2-5
48
What is the primary action of the Tibialis Posterior muscle? Origin & Insertion?
The Tibialis Posterior muscle plantarflexes the ankle & Inverts the foot Origin: Posterior Surface of Tibia & Fibula Insertion: Plantar surface of several tarsal bones
49
What are the muscles of the Posterior Thigh? What, in general, are their function?
1. Semitendinosus 2. Semimembranosus 3. Biceps Femoris General function: Flexion of the Leg and Extension of the Thigh
50
What is the primary action of the Semitendinosus muscle? Origin & Insertion?
The Semitendinosus muscle Extends the thigh & Flexes and Medially Rotates the Leg Origin: Ischial Tuberosity Insertion: Medial Proximal Tibia
51
What is the primary action of the Semimembranosus muscle? Origin & Insertion?
The Semimembranosus muscle Extends the Thigh and Flexes and Medially Rotates the Leg Origin: Ischial Tuberosity Insertion: Medial Condyle of the Tibia
52
What is the primary action of the Biceps Femoris muscle? Origin & Insertion?
The Biceps Femoris muscle _Extends the Thigh_ and _Flexes and **Laterally** Rotates_ the Leg Origin: Long head: Ischial Tuberosity Short head: Linea Aspera Insertion: Head of the Fibula
53
The muscles of the Gluteal Region are separated into what groups?
Superficial & Deep musculature
54
What are the Superficial muscles of the Gluteal Region? What, in general, is their function?
1. Gluteus Maximus 2. Gluteus Medius 3. Gluteus Minimus 4. Tensor Fasciae Latae General Function: Abduction and Extension of the Thigh
55
What is the primary action of the Gluteus Maximus muscle? Origin & Insertion?
The Gluteus Maximus Extends the Thigh & Assists in Lateral rotation Origin: Lateral Surface of the Ilium, Sacrum, and Sacrotuberus Ligament Insertion: Iliotibial Tract & Gluteal Tuberosity
56
What is the primary action of the Gluteus Medius muscle? Origin & Insertion?
The Gluteus Medius muscle Abducts & Medially rotates the thigh; Keeps pelvis level. Origin: Lateral Surface of the Ilium Insertion: Greater Trochanter of the Femur
57
What is the primary action of the Gluteus Minimus muscle? Origin & Insertion?
The Gluteus Minimus muscle Abducts and Medially Rotates the Thigh; Keeps pelvis level. Origin: Lateral Surface of the Ilium Insertion: Greater Trochanter of the Femur
58
What is the primary action of the Tensor Fasciae Latae muscle? Origin & Insertion?
The Tensor Fasciae Latae Abducts & Medially Rotates the Thigh Origin: ASIS Insertion: Iliotibial Tract (band)
59
What are the Deep muscles of the Gluteal Region? What, in general, is their function?
1. Piriformis 2. Obturator Internus 3. Superior Gemellus 4. Inferior Gemellus General Function: Lateral Rotators & Stabilizers of the Hip Joint

Gross Anatomy (23 decks)

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