Lower Limb Muscles Flashcards
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Origin:
Insertion:
Action:
Artery:
Innervation:
Abductor Hallucis
Origin: medial side of the tuberosity of calcaneus
**Insertion: medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe (hallux) **
Action: abducts the great toe; flexes the metatarsophalageal joint
Artery: medial plantar a.
Innervation: medial plantar nerve
Notes: abductor hallucis forms the medial margin of the sole of the foot
Adductor Brevis
- *Origin:** inferior pubic ramus
- *Insertion:** pectineal line and linea aspera (deep to the pectineus and adductor longus mm.)
- *Action:** adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femur
- *Artery:** obturator a., deep femoral a.
- *Innervation** anterior division of the obturator nerve
Notes: anterior and posterior divisions of the obturator nerve lie on the anterior and posterior surfaces of adductor brevis
Adductor Hallucis
- *Origin:** oblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4; transverse head: heads of metatarsals 3-5
- *Insertion:** lateral side of base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe
- *Action:** adducts the great toe (moves it toward midline of the foot; i.e.toward the 2nd digit)
- *Artery:** plantar arterial arch
- *Innervation:** deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve
Notes: the plantar arterial arch passes superior to the oblique head of adductor hallucis
Adductor Longus
- *Origin:** medial portion of the superior pubic ramus
- *Insertion:** linea aspera of the femur
- *Action:** adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femur
- *Artery:** obturator a., deep femoral a.
- *Innervation:** anterior division of the obturator nerve
Note: the most anterior of the adductor group of muscles
Adductor Magnus
- *Origin:** ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity
- Insertion:*linea aspera of the femur; the ischiocondylar part inserts on the adductor tubercle of the femur
- *Action:** adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femur; extends the femur (ischiocondylar part)
- *Artery:** obturator a., deep femoral a., medial femoral circumflex a.
- *Innervation:** posterior division of the obturator nerve; tibial nerve (ischiocondylar part)
Notes: the ischiocondylar part of adductor magnus is a hamstring muscle by embryonic origin and action, so it is innervated by the tibial nerve
Adductor Minimus
Origin: lower portion of the inferior pubic ramus
Insertion: gluteal ridge and upper part of the linea aspera of the femur
Action: adducts and laterally rotates the femur
Artery: obturator a., medial femoral circumflex a., deep femoral a.
Innervation: posterior division of the obturator nerve
Notes: adductor minimus m. is the uppermost fibers of the adductor magnus m.
Biceps Femoris
- *Origin:** long head: ischial tuberosity; short head: lateral lip of the linea aspera
- *Insertion:** head of fibula (short head) and lateral condyle of the tibia (long head)
- *Action:** extends the thigh, flexes the leg
- *Artery:** perforating branches of the deep femoral a.
- *Innervation:** long head: tibial nerve; short head: common fibular (peroneal) nerve
Notes: one of the “hamstring” muscles
Dorsal Interosseous (foot)
- *Origin:** shafts of adjacent metatarsal bones
- *Insertion:** bases of the proximal phalanges for digit 2 (both sides) & digits 3,4 (lateral side)
- *Action:** abduct digits 2-4 (move these digits away from midline as defined by a plane passing through the 2nd digit); flex the metatarsophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints of those digits
- *Artery:** dorsal metatarsal aa.
- *Innervation:** deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve
Notes: four in number; remember DAB (Dorsal interossei ABduct) and PAD (Plantar interossei ADduct), then logic can tell you where these muscles insert
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
- *Origin:** superolateral surface of the calcaneus
- *Insertion:** extensor expansion of toes 1-4
- *Action:** extends toes 1-4
- *Artery:** dorsalis pedis a.
- *Innervation:** deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
Notes: the part of the extensor digitorum brevis that goes to the great toe is called the extensor hallucis brevis m.
Extensor Digitorum Longus
- *Origin:** lateral condyle of the tibia, anterior surface of the fibula, lateral portion of the interosseous membrane
- *Insertion:** dorsum of the lateral 4 toes via extensor expansions (central slip inserts on base of middle phalanx, lateral slips on base of distal phalanx)
- *Action:** extends the metatarsophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of the lateral 4 toes
- *Artery:** anterior tibial a.
- *Innervation:** deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
Notes: one of the muscles involved in anterior compartment syndrome
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Origin: middle half of the anterior surface of the fibula and the interosseous membrane
Insertion: base of the distal phalanx of the great toe
Action: extends the metatarsophalangeal interphalangeal joints of the great toe
Artery: anterior tibial a.
Innervation: deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
Notes: one of the muscles involved in anterior compartment syndrome
Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis
Origin: lower one third of the lateral surface of the fibula
Insertion: tuberosity of the base of the 5th metatarsal
Action: extends (plantar flexes) and everts the foot
Arterial: fibular (peroneal) a.
Innervation: superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve
Notes: stress fracture of the base of the 5th metatarsal bone is a common runner’s injury
