Head and Neck Muscles Flashcards
Anterior Scalene
Origin: Anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of vertebrae C3-C6
Insertion: Scalene tubercle of the first rib
Action: Elevates the first rib; flexes and laterally bends the neck
Artery: Ascending cervical a., a branch of the thyrocervical trunk
Innervation: Brachial plexus, C5-C7
Notes: A muscle of inspiration; an important landmark of the neck; it is located between the subclavian vein and the subclavian artery; the roots of the brachial plexus pass posterior to it; the phrenic nerve crosses its anterior surface
Aryepiglottic
Origin: Apex (superior part) of the arytenoid cartilage
Insertion: Epiglottis
Action: Draws the epiglottis posteriorly and downward during swallowing
Artery: Laryngeal br. of the superior thyroid a.
Innervation: Inferior laryngeal nerve, from recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus (X)
Notes: The mucosa is raised by the underlying aryepiglottic m. to form the aryepiglottic fold
Arytenoid, oblique
Origin: Muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage
Insertion: Posterior surface of the contralateral arytenoid cartilage, near its apex
Action: Draws arytenoid cartilages together, adducting the vocal folds
Artery: Laryngeal br. of the superior thyroid a.
Innervation: Inferior laryngeal nerve, from recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus (X)
Notes: The oblique arytenoid m. lies posterior to the transverse arytenoid m.; the arytenoideus is often considered to be one muscle with oblique and transverse fibers.
Arytenoid, transverse
Origin: Posterior surface of the arytenoid cartilage
Insertion: Posterior surface of the contralateral arytenoid cartilage
Action: Draws arytenoid cartilages together, adducting the vocal folds
Artery: Laryngeal br. of the superior thyroid a.
Innervation: Inferior laryngeal nerve, from recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus (X)
Notes: The transverse arytenoid m. lies anterior to the oblique arytenoid m.; the arytenoideus is often considered to be one muscle with oblique and transverse parts
Auricular
Origin: Anterior: galea aponeurotica anterior to ear; superior: galea aponeurotica superior to ear; posterior: mastoid process
Insertion: Auricle anteriorly, superiorly, and posteriorly
Action: Wiggle the ears
Artery: Superficial temporal a., posterior auricular a.
Innervation: Anterior & posterior: temporal branches of facial nerve (VII); posterior: posterior auricular branch of facial nerve (VII)
Notes: The auricular muscles are derived from the mesenchyme of the second pharyngeal arch, as are the muscles of facial expression
Buccinator
Origin: Pterygomandibular raphe, mandible, and the maxilla lateral to the molar teeth
Insertion: Angle of mouth and the lateral portion of the upper and lower lips
Action: Pulls the corners of the mouth laterally; presses the cheek against the teeth
Artery: Facial a.
Innervation: Buccal branches of the facial nerve (VII)
Notes: Although the buccinator is important in mastication, it is innervated by the buccal branch of the facial nerve and NOT by the buccal nerve from V3 (a sensory nerve)
Chondroglossus
Origin: Medial side of the lesser horn and body of the hyoid bone
Insertion: Ascends to blend with the intrinsic tongue musculature
Action: Pulls the sides of the tongue down
Artery: Lingual a.
Innervation: Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
Notes: Chondroglossus is often considered to be part of the hyoglossus muscles
Ciliary
Origin: Meridional fibers; scleral spur; circular fibers: encircle the ciliary process
Insertion: Meridional fibers: ciliary process; circular fibers: encircle the ciliary process
Action: Relaxes the suspensory ligament of the lens
Artery: Ophthalmic a.
Innervation: Parasympathetic fibers in the oculomotor nerve (III), synapsing in the ciliary ganglion
Notes: Relaxation of the suspensory ligament allows the lens to thicken for accommodation (near vision)
Constrictor, Inferior Pharyngeal
Origin: Oblique line of the thyroid cartilage, lateral surface of cricoid cartilage
Insertion: Midline pharyngeal raphe
Action: Constricts pharyngeal cavity
Artery: Ascending pharyngeal a., superior & inferior thyroid a.
Innervation: Vagus (X), via the pharyngeal plexus, with aid from the superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal nerves
Notes: The most external of the three pharyngeal constructor mm.
Constrictor, Middle Pharyngeal
Origin: Lesser and greater horns of the hyoid bone and the inferior part of the stylohyoid ligament
Insertion: Midline pharyngeal raphe
Action: Constricts the pharyngeal cavity
Artery: Ascending pharyngeal a.
Innervation: Vagus (X), via the pharyngeal plexus
Notes: Of the three pharyngeal constrictors, this one is intermediate in both superior/inferior position and depth
Constrictor, Superior Pharyngeal
Origin: Medial pterygoid plate, pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe, mylohyoid line of mandible
Insertion: Pharyngeal tubercle and midline pharyngeal raphe
Action: Constricts the pharyngeal cavity
Artery: Ascending pharyngeal a.
Innervation: Vagus (X), via the pharyngeal plexus
Notes: The most internal of the three pharyngeal constructor mm.
Corrugator
Origin: Medial part of the supercillary arch
Insertion: Skin of the medal half of the eyebrow
Action: Pulls eyebrows together medially
Artery: Supratrochlear a.
Innervation: Temporal br. of the facial nerve (VII)
Notes: This muscle causes the furrowed brow of the worried look
Cricoarytenoid, lateral
Origin: Arch of the cricoid cartilage
Insertion: Muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage
Action: Draws the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage anteriorly, which pivots the arytenoid cartilage and adducts the vocal folds
Artery: Superior laryngeal a., cricothyroid br. of the superior thyroid a.
Innervation: Inferior laryngeal nerve, from the recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve (X)
Notes: An antagonist of the posterior cricoarytenoid m.; the arteries that supply the larynx anastomose within the larynx to supply the mucous membranes and muscles
Cricoarytenoid, posterior
Origin: Posterior surface of the lamina of the cricoid cartilage
Insertion: Muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage
Action: Draws the muscular process posteriorly, which pivots the arytenoid cartilage and abducts the vocal folds
Artery: Superior laryngeal a., cricothyroid br. of the superior thyroid a.
Innervation: Inferior laryngeal nerve, from the recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve (X)
Notes: The posterior cricoarytenoid is the abductor of the vocal folds; the aa that supply the larynx anastomose w/in the larynx to supply the mucous membranes and mm.
Cricopharyngeus
Origin: Lateral surface of the cricoid cartilage
Insertion: Midline pharyngeal raphe
Action: Constricts the pharyngeal cavity and the entrance to the esophagus
Artery: Cricothyroid branch of the superior thyroid a., ascending pharyngeal a.
Innervation: Recurrent laryngeal nerve, a br. of the vagus nerve (X)
Notes: Cricopharyngeaus represents the lowest fibers of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor; it is continuous with the esophagus below and marks the beginning of it.
