Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Bones of the Upper limb > Flashcards

Bones of the Upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

CLAVICLE

A

an “S” shaped bone located between the sternum and the scapula

it articulates medially with the manubrium of the sternum and laterally with the acromion process of the scapula; it forms a strut that supports the upper limb; it is frequently fractured; it is the first bone to begin ossification during development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sternal Extremity (Clavicle)

A

the thickened proximal end of the clavicle

it is triangular in cross-section; it articulates with the clavicular notch of the sternum through a synovial joint with two joint cavities separated by an articular disk; the sternoclavicular joint has the action of a ball and socket joint, but not the physical shape of one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Acromial Extremity (Clavicle)

A

the flattened lateral end of the clavicle

it is marked on its inferior surface at the junction of the medial 2/3 and the lateral 1/3 by a roughened area for attachment of the coracoclavicular ligament; it articulates with the coracoid process of the scapula through a syndesmosis; it articulates with the acromion process of the scapula through a synovial joint; due to the shape of the distal clavicle, the acromion process passes inferior to the clavicle in acromioclavicular dislocations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

SCAPULA

A

the bone of the shoulder

the scapula floats in a sea of muscles, so it is difficult to fracture; it articulates with only one bone - the clavicle at the coracoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Superior Border (Scapula)

A

the superior edge of the scapula

the superior border of the scapula is marked by the scapular notch laterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Medial Border (Scapula)

A

the border of the scapula that runs from the superior angle to the inferior angle

it is an important site of muscle attachments for the intermediate layer of back muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Superior Angle (Scapula)

A

the angle of the scapula formed at the union of the superior and medial borders

it is the attachment site for the levator scapulae m.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lateral Border (Scapula)

A

the portion of the scapula that runs inferomedially from the infraglenoid tubercle to the inferior angle

it is an important site of muscle attachments for the teres major m., teres minor m. and the long head of the triceps brachii m.; it has a groove for passage of the circumflex scapular a.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Inferior Angle (Scapula)

A

the angle of the scapula formed by the union of the medial and lateral borders

the inferior angle of the scapula often has a slip of origin of the latissimus dorsi attached to it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Glenoid Cavity (Scapula)

A

the articular surface located at the junction of the superior and lateral borders of the scapula

it articulates with the head of the humerus; it is deepened by a fibrocartilaginous rim called the glenoid labrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Supraglenoid tubercle (Scapula)

A

a projection of bone located superior to the glenoid cavity

it is the attachment site for the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii m.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Infraglenoid Tubercle (Scapula)

A

a projection of bone located inferior to the glenoid cavity

it is the attachment site of the tendon o of the long head of the triceps brachii m.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Spine (Scapula)

A

a heavy ridge that runs from the medial border of the scapula to the acromion process

it supports the acromion process; it divides the posterior surface of the scapula into a supraspinatous fossa and an infraspinatous fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Scapular Notch (Scapula)

A

a notch on the superior border of the scapula located medial to the attachment of the coracoid process

it is bridged by the superior transverse scapular ligament; the suprascapular a. passes superior to the superior transverse scapular ligament and the suprascapular n. passes inferior to it (Army goes over the bridge, Navy goes under the bridge)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Coracoid Process (Scapula)

A

a beak-like process that projects anteriorly from the lateral end of the superior border of the scapula

it is the attachment site for the short head of the biceps brachii m., the coracobrachialis m., the pectoralis minor m. and the coracoacromial and coracoclavicular ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Acromion (Scapula)

A

a broad, flat process located at the lateral end of the scapular spine

it articulates with the clavicle through a synovial joint (acromioclavicular joint)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

supraspinatous fossa (Scapula)

A

a broad depression located superior to the spine of the scapula

it is the site of origin of the supraspinatus m.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

infraspinatous fossa (Scapula)

A

a broad depression located inferior to the spine of the scapula

it is the site of origin of the infraspinatus m.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

HUMERUS

A

the bone of the arm (brachium)

the humerus articulates proximally with the scapula at the glenoid fossa; it articulates distally with the radius and ulna at the elbow joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Head (Humerus)

A

the smooth, rounded proximal end of the ulna

it articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the shoulder joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Anatomical neck (Humerus)

A

the constricted region located inferolateral to the head

it is located at the circumference of the smooth articular surface of the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

surgical neck (Humerus)

A

the proximal part of the shaft of the humerus

it is located inferior to the greater and lesser tubercles; it is a site of frequent fracture; fractures of the surgical neck of the humerus endanger the axillary n. and the posterior circumflex humeral a.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Greater Tubercle (Humerus)

A

the large projection located lateral to the head of the humerus

it is the attachment site of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus & teres minor mm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Lesser Tubercle (Humerus)

A

the projection located lateral to the head of the humerus on the anterior surface

it is the insertion site of the subscapularis m.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

intertubercular groove (Humerus)

A

the groove on the anterior surface of the humerus that is located between the crest of the greater tubercle and the crest of the lesser tubercle

it is occupied by the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii m.; the transverse humeral ligament spans the intertubercular groove and holds the biceps tendon in place; it is the attachment site for the tendon of the pectoralis major (lateral lip), teres major (medial lip), and latissimus dorsi (floor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

crest of the greater tubercle (Humerus)

A

the ridge of bone on the anterior surface of the humerus extending inferiorly from the greater tubercle

it forms the lateral lip of the intertubercular groove; it is the attachment site for the transverse humeral ligament and the pectoralis major m.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

crest of the lesser tubercle (Humerus)

A

the ridge of bone on the anterior surface of the humerus extending inferiorly from the lesser tubercle

it forms the medial lip of the intertubercular groove; it is the attachment site for the transverse humeral ligament and the teres major m.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

deltoid tuberosity (Humerus)

A

the roughened process on the lateral surface of the mid-shaft of the humerus

it is the insertion site of the deltoid m.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Radial Groove (Humerus)

A

the groove that spirals around the posterior surface of the shaft of the humerus

it is a depression for the radial n. and the deep brachial vessels; fracture of the humerus at mid-shaft can injure the radial nerve and deep brachial vessels because they are in contact with bone at this location

30
Q

Medial supracondylar ridge (Humerus)

A

a narrow ridge running proximally from the medial epicondyle of the humerus

the pronator teres m. takes origin from the common flexor tendon near the most inferior part of the medial supracondylar ridge

31
Q

Lateral Supracondylar Ridge (Humerus)

A

a narrow ridge running proximally from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus

it is the site of origin of the brachioradialis m. and the extensor carpi radialis longus m.

32
Q

Lateral Epicondyle (Humerus)

A

a knob-like projection on the lateral side of the humerus proximal to the capitulum

it is the site of attachment of the common extensor tendon which is the origin of several forearm extensor muscles (extensor carpi radialis brevis m., extensor digitorum m., extensor digiti minimi m., extensor carpi ulnaris m. and supinator m.); inflammation of the attachment of the common extensor tendon is called lateral epicondylitis which is also known as “tennis elbow”

33
Q

Medial Epicondyle (Humerus)

A

a knob-like projection on the medial side of the humerus proximal to the trochlea

it is the attachment site of the common flexor tendon which is the origin for the superficial group of forearm flexor muscles (pronator teres m., flexor carpi radialis m., palmaris longus m., flexor carpi ulnaris m. and flexor digitorum superficialis m.); inflammation of the attachment of the common flexor tendon is called medial epicondylitis which is also known as “tennis elbow”; the ulnar nerve is in contact with bone as it courses posterior to the medial epicondyle where it is susceptible to injury from blunt trauma or fracture

34
Q

Coronoid Fossa (Humerus)

A

the depression on the anterior surface of the humerus located proximal to the trochlea near the elbow

it accommodates the coronoid process of ulna when the elbow is flexed

35
Q

Radial Fossa (Humerus)

A

the depression on the anterior surface of the humerus located proximal to the capitulum near the elbow

it accommodates the head of the radius when the elbow is flexed

36
Q

Olecranon Fossa (Humerus)

A

the depression on the posterior surface of the humerus located just proximal to the elbow

it accommodates the olecranon process of the ulna when the elbow is extended

37
Q

Capitulum (Humerus)

A

the rounded process that caps the distal end of the lateral condyle of the humerus

it articulates with the head of the radius; capitulum means “little head”

38
Q

Trochlea (Humerus)

A

the grooved process that caps the distal end of the medial condyle of the humerus

it articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna; the shape of the trochlea and the trochlear notch limits side-to-side movement and guarantees a hinge action; trochlea means “pulley”

39
Q

ULNA

A

the bone on the medial side of the forearm (antebrachium)

the ulna articulates proximally with the trochlea of the humerus and the head of the radius; it articulates distally with the ulnar notch of the radius

40
Q

Olecranon (Ulna)

A

the proximal end of the ulna

it is the insertion site of the tendon of the triceps brachii m.; when the elbow is extended, the olecranon of the ulna engages the olecranon fossa of the humerus

41
Q

Trochlear Notch (Ulna)

A

the crescent shaped notch on the anterior surface of the proximal end of the ulna

it is located between the olecranon and the coronoid process; it articulates with the trochlea of the humerus; a ridge within the trochlear notch fits into the groove in the trochlea of the ulna which limits side-to-side movement and guarantees a hinge action

42
Q

Coronoid Process (Ulna)

A

the anterior projection of bone located distal to the trochlear notch

it is the insertion site of the brachialis m.

43
Q

Radial Notch (Ulna)

A

the notch on the lateral surface of the humerus located just distal to the trochlear notch

it accommodates the head of the radius; the annular ligament of the radius attaches to the anterior and posterior edges of the radial notch of the ulna to encircle the head of the radius

44
Q

Body (Ulna)

A

the long slender midportion of the ulna

it is also called the shaft or diaphysis; the interosseous membrane attaches to the entire length of the interosseous border of the body of the ulna

45
Q

Head (Ulna)

A

the distal end of the ulna

it is small and rounded for articulation with the radius

46
Q

styloid process (Ulna)

A

a small projection from the distal surface of the head of the ulna

it is the site of attachment of the articular disk of the distal radioulnar joint

47
Q

RADIUS

A

the bone on the lateral side of the forearm (antebrachium)

the radius pivots on its long axis and crosses the ulna during pronation

48
Q

Head (Radius)

A

the rounded proximal end of the radius

it has a smooth, rounded surface for articulation with the ulna; the head of the radius is encircled by the annular ligament (4/5 of a circle) and the radial notch of the ulna (1/5 of a circle)

49
Q

Neck (Radius)

A

the constricted area of the radius located distal to the head

the annular ligament of the radius surrounds the head of the radius, not the neck of the radius

50
Q

Radial Tuberosity (Radius)

A

a roughened area on the anteromedial surface of the radius located just distal to the neck

it is the insertion site of the tendon of the biceps brachii m.

51
Q

Body (Radius)

A

the long, slender midportion of the radius

it is also known as the shaft or diaphysis; the interosseous membrane attaches to the entire length of the body of the radius along its interosseous border; a fracture of the distal end of the body of the radius with a dorsal displacement of the distal fragment is quite common and is called a Colles’ fracture

52
Q

Ulnar Notch (Radius)

A

a shallow notch located on the medial surface of the distal end of the radius

it articulates with the head of the ulna

53
Q

Styloid Process (Radius)

A

the distal-most projection from the lateral side of the radius

the radial styloid process projects lateral to the proximal row of carpal bones

54
Q

CARPAL BONES

A

the bones of the wrist

eight bones arranged in two rows; a pneumonic for memorizing the carpal bones is “ some lovers try positions that they can’t handle” - the first letters of these eight words are the first letters of the names of the eight carpal bones arranged from lateral to medial, proximal row first: scaphoid, lunate, triquitrum, pisiform/trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

55
Q

Proximal Row (Carpal bones)

A

lateral to medial: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

the scaphoid and lunate bones of the proximal row articulate with the distal end of the radius

56
Q

distal row (Carpal bones)

A

lateral to medial: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

the distal row of carpal bones articulates with the metacarpal bones of the hand

57
Q

SCAPHOID

A

the most lateral carpal bone of the proximal row

the scaphoid bone is located in the floor of the anatomical snuff box; it is frequently fractured by hyperextension and abduction of the wrist; scaphoid means “boat-shaped”

58
Q

LUNATE

A

the carpal bone located between the scaphoid and triquetrum in the proximal row

the lunate is so named because it is “moon-shaped” (crescent shaped) in longitudinal section; the head of the capitate sits within the crescent of the lunate

59
Q

TRIQUETRUM

A

the most medial bone in the proximal row of carpal bones

it articulates with the pisiform which sits anterior to it

60
Q

PISIFORM

A

a sesamoid bone in the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris m.

it articulates with the triquetrum; the pisiform bone provides a protective function for the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon by bearing the forces generated by the tendon riding across the triquitrum, especially during wrist extension; pisiform means “pea-shaped”

61
Q

TRAPEZIUM

A

the most lateral carpal bone of the distal row

it forms a saddle joint with the metacarpal bone of the thumb; “the thumb swings on the trapezium”

62
Q

TRAPEZOID

A

the carpal bone located between the trapezium and the capitate in the distal row

the trapezoid is named for its trapezoid shape

63
Q

CAPITATE

A

the carpal bone located between the trapezoid and the hamate in the distal carpal row

the capitate is the largest carpal bone; it is named for its rounded head; forces generated in the hand (as during a punching blow with the fist) are transmitted through the third metacarpal bone to the capitate and proximally through the lunate to the radius

64
Q

HAMATE

A

the most medial carpal bone in the distal row

the hamulus (hook) of the hamate is its distinguishing characteristic; it is an attachment point of the flexor retinaculum

65
Q

METACARPAL BONES

A

the bones located between the carpal bones and the phalanges of the hand

there are a total of five metacarpal bones in the hand; the metacarpals of the four fingers are bound together by ligaments to form a firm foundation for finger movements; the metacarpal of the thumb is more independent in its range of motion

66
Q

Base (Metacarpal bones)

A

the proximal end of the metacarpal

it articulates with the distal row of carpal bones

67
Q

Body (Metacarpal bones)

A

the slender shaft of the metacarpal

it is also known as the diaphysis

68
Q

Head (Metacarpal Bones)

A

the rounded distal end of the metacarpal

it articulates with the proximal phalanx of the corresponding digit

69
Q

PHALANX/PHALANGES

A

the distal two or three bones in the digits of the hand

there are a total of 14 phalanges in the hand; the thumb has two phalanges (proximal and distal) and each finger has three phalanges (proximal, middle and distal); phalanx means “line of soldiers”

70
Q

Base (Phalanx)

A

the proximal end of the phalanx

the base of the proximal phalanx articulates with the head of the corresponding metacarpal bone; the base of the middle or distal phalanx articulates with the head of the next most proximal phalanx

71
Q

Body (Phalanx)

A

the slender shaft of the phalanx

also known as the diaphysis; the body of the distal phalanx is very short

72
Q

Head (Phalanx)

A

the distal end of the phalanx

the proximal, middle and distal phalanges each have a head; the head of a proximal or middle phalanx articulates with the base of the next most distal phalanx

Anatomy (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions